Packet reordering system

• US 9,906,821 B1
• Filed: 08/23/2016
• Issued: 02/27/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 08/23/2016
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Cain, Harel, Devir, Michal
• Primary Examiner(s): Kumar, Pankaj
• Assistant Examiner(s): Boyd, Alexander
• Application Number:
  US15/243,988
• Publication Number:
  US 20180063562A1
• Time in Patent Office: 553 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2221 being a cable television head-end CATV in broadcast systems H04H20/78
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23424 involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for inserting or substituting an advertisement
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23439 for generating different versions
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23608 Remultiplexing multiplex streams, e.g. involving modifying time stamps or remapping the packet identifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2365 Multiplexing of several video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/44016 involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for substituting a video clip
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467

Abstract

In one embodiment, a method for reordering video packets from a multiplexed video bitstream is implemented on a computing device and includes: defining a current program identifier (PID), receiving the video packets, where each of the video packets is associated with an associated PID and a next-PID indication, for each video packet from among the received video packets, checking whether the associated PID is equal to the current PID, upon determining that the associated PID is equal to the current PID, appending the video packet as an output video packet to a reordered video bitstream, upon determining that the associated PID is not equal to the current PID, queueing the video packet as a queued video packet in a PID queue associated with the associated PID, and updating the current PID in accordance with the next-PID indication from a most recently appended output video packet in the reordered video bitstream.

Claims

1. A method for reordering video packets from a multiplexed video bitstream, the method implemented on a computing device and comprising:

defining a current program identifier (PID);

receiving said video packets, wherein each of said video packets is associated with an associated PID and a next-PID indication, wherein said next-PID indication indicates said associated PID for a next packet to follow a current packet, wherein for at least a first video packet of said video packets, said next-PID indication is an explicit next-PID marker in said at least a first video packet, and for at least a second video packet of said video packets, said next-PID indication is an implicit next-PID indication indicating a default associated PID for said next packet in the absence of said next-PID marker in said at least a second video packet; and

for each video packet from among said received video packets;

a) checking whether said associated PID is equal to said current PID;

b) upon determining that said associated PID is equal to said current PID for said video packet according to said checking, appending said video packet as an output video packet to a reordered video bitstream;

c) upon determining that said associated PID is not equal to said current PID for said video packet according to said checking, queueing said video packet as a queued video packet in a PID queue associated with said associated PID; and

d) upon determining that said current PID is different than said next-PID indication from a most recently appended said output video packet in said reordered video bitstream, updating said current PID in accordance with said next-PID indication from said most recently appended output video packet.

2. The method according to claim 1 and further comprising:

popping said queued video packet from said PID queue, wherein said PID queue is associated with said current PID according to said updating; and

appending said popped queued video packet as said output video packet to said reordered video bitstream.

3. The method according to claim 1 and wherein said PID queue is a first-in-first-out queue.

4. The method according to claim 1 and wherein said explicit next-PID marker is indicated in an MPEG TS adaptation field.

5. The method according to claim 1 and wherein:

said default associated PID is defined as said associated PID of said at least a second video packet.

6. The method according to claim 1 and wherein:

said default associated PID is defined as a different PID than said associated PID of said at least a second video packet, wherein said different PID is another PID associated with at least one of said video packets.

7. The method according to claim 1 and wherein:

said associated PID is associated with either a primary video PID or one of at least two secondary video PIDs, wherein said primary video PID is associated with a video content item and said at least two secondary video PIDs are associated with alternate versions of portions of said video content item for insertion within said video content item to produce a forensic watermark.

8. The method according to claim 1 and wherein:

said associated PID is associated with either a primary video PID or a secondary video PID, wherein said primary video PID is associated with unencrypted portions of a video content item and said secondary video PID is associated with at least one encrypted portion of said video content item.

9. The method according to claim 1 and wherein said computing device is a video rendering device.

10. The method according to claim 1 and wherein said computing device is a component of a video headend.

11. The method according to claim 1 and wherein said receiving comprises:

receiving said each of said video packets in a correct order relative to others of said received video packets with a same said associated PID.

12. A video broadcast system comprising:

a video headend operative to generate a multiplexed video bitstream from video packets, wherein each video packet of said video packets is associated with one of at least three program identifiers (PIDs), and wherein said each video packet is associated with a next-PID indication indicating which of said at least three PIDs is associated with a next video packet from among said video packets according to an original order, wherein said next-PID indication is added as an explicit next-PID marker to at least a first video packet, and for at least a second video packet of said video packets, said next-PID indication is an implicit next-PID indication indicating a default associated PID for said next packet in the absence of said next-PID marker in said at least a second video packet; and

a reordering module operative to;

define a current PID from among said at least three PIDs based on said original order,

append a current PID video packet as an output video packet to a reordered output video bitstream, wherein said current PID video packet is one of said video packets associated with said current PID,

queue a non-current PID video packet to a PID queue, wherein said non-current PID video packet is one of said video packets that is not associated with said current PID, and said PID queue and said non-current PID video packet are associated with a same one of said at least three PIDs, and

update said current PID in accordance with said next-PID indication from a most recently appended output video packet.

13. The video broadcast system according to claim 12 and wherein said reordering module is further operative to:

pop said queued video packet from said PID queue, wherein said PID queue is associated with said updated current PID; and

append said popped queued video packet as said output video packet to said reordered video bitstream.

14. The video broadcast system according to claim 12 and wherein said video headend comprises:

a video encoder operative to encode said video packets;

a watermark embedder operative to generate at least two alternate versions of portions of an original video content item; and

a multiplexor operative to produce a multiplexed video bitstream, wherein said multiplexed video bitstream comprises primary video packets and secondary video packets, wherein said primary video packets are associated with said original video content item and a primary PID, and said secondary video packets are associated with said at least two alternate versions of portions and at least two secondary PIDs, wherein said primary and two secondary PIDs are said at least three PIDs.

15. The video broadcast system according to claim 14 and wherein said multiplexor is further operative to maintain said original order among said video packets associated with a same PID in said multiplexed video bitstream.

16. The video broadcast system according to claim 12 and wherein said reordering module is implemented as part of said video headend.

17. The video broadcast system according to claim 12 and where said reordering module is implemented in a video rendering device.

18. A method for embedding a forensic watermark in a video content item, the method implemented on a computing device and comprising:

generating an encoded video content item by encoding said video content item, wherein packets of said encoded video content item are associated with a primary program identifier (PID);

generating at least two alternate versions of portions of said encoded video content item to replace said portions of said encoded video content item, wherein packets of each of said at least two alternate versions are associated with one of at least two secondary PIDs;

defining a default next-PID for each of said primary PID and said at least two secondary PIDS, wherein said default next-PID indicates an expected PID associated with a next packet to follow a current packet from among said packets;

upon determining that a PID for said next packet according to an original order of said packets is different than a defined said default next-PID associated with said current packet, adding an explicit next-PID indication to said current packet, wherein said explicit next-PID indication overrides said default next-PID and indicates which of said primary and at least two secondary PIDs is associated with said next packet according to said original order of said packets;

multiplexing said encoded video content item and said at least two alternate versions to produce a multiplexed video bitstream of video packets, wherein said multiplexing maintains said original order among said video packets associated with a same PID in said multiplexed video bitstream;

defining a first output PID as either said primary PID or said one of at least two secondary PIDs;

reordering said multiplexed video bitstream to produce an output video bitstream in accordance with said first output PID and said next-PID indication for each of said packets; and

sequentially processing said output video bitstream to provide a watermarked video content item by outputting said packets associated with said primary PID interleaved with selected secondary PID packets, wherein said selected secondary PID packets are selected from said packets associated with said one of at least two secondary PIDs according to a conditional access scheme.