Charger for electric vehicles with distributed power converter arbitration

• US 9,908,421 B2
• Filed: 11/06/2014
• Issued: 03/06/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 11/06/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ABB BV (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB Schweiz AG (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Koolen, Gerardus Johannes Karel Marijke, Albers-Van-Der-Linden, Jean-Pierre, Bech, Lars Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Levin, Naum B
• Application Number:
  US14/535,018
• Publication Number:
  US 20150123613A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,216 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/11 DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/20 characterised by converters located in the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/31 Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/62 in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/64 Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/66 Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/67 Controlling two or more charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

The present application relates to a charger for electric vehicles, comprising at least two power exchange ports for vehicles, each port comprising a data communication connection for at least receiving a power request from a vehicle, and a power exchange connection for delivering power to a vehicle; at least one grid connection for receiving electric power; a data communication bus, for communicating the power request from the vehicles to a plurality of autonomously controllable power converters, each for converting power from the grid connection to a suitable level for charging a vehicle; and each of the power converters comprises a data communication device, connected to the data bus, and configured for receiving power requests from vehicles; and configured for indicating its available power via the data bus.

Claims

1. A charger for electric vehicles, comprising:

at least two power exchange ports for vehicles, each port including;

a data communication connection for at least receiving a power request from a vehicle, and

a power exchange connection for delivering power to a vehicle;

at least one grid connection for receiving electric power;

a data communication bus, for communicating a power request from the vehicles to;

a plurality of autonomously controllable power converters, each

for converting AC power from the grid connection to DC power for charging a vehicle; and

wherein each of the power converters includes a first data communication device,

connected to the data communication bus, and

configured for indicating available power via the data communication bus; and

wherein the charger is configured for receiving power requests from vehicles, and each of the power exchange ports directly control a subset of the power converters, in which the subset of the power converters is defined by a predefined set of deterministic rules.

2. The charger according to claim 1, wherein each of the power exchange ports are provided with a second data communication device, that is configured for:

receiving available power indications from the power converters;

allowing a power request for a vehicle via the communication bus; and

retrieving a power request, based on an available power, from a vehicle.

3. The charger according to claim 2, wherein the first and second data communication devices are configured for:

determining if at least one power converter has power available for at least partly fulfilling a power request from a vehicle;

coupling a power output of at least one power converter to a power exchange connection of a power exchange port for a vehicle if power is available; and

negotiating power conversion settings with the autonomously controllable power converters in response to a power request from a vehicle.

4. The charger according to claim 2, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

5. The charger according to claim 3, wherein the first and second data communication devices are configured for:

verifying if there are available power converters after a predetermined time interval or after a predetermined event when a power request was or is more than a maximum power available from a power converter; and

if there are available power converters, coupling a power output of at least one of such power converters to the power exchange connection of the power exchange port for the vehicle that requests the power.

6. The charger according to claim 3, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

7. The charger according to claim 5, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

8. The charger according to claim 5, comprising:

a communication port for communication with a back-end of the power grid.

9. The charger according to claim 7, comprising:

a communication port for communication with a back-end of the power grid.

10. The charger according to claim 1, wherein each of the power exchange ports are provided with a second data communication device, that is configured for:

retrieving a power request from a vehicle;

making the power request available to the controllable power converters via the communication bus; and

receiving available power indications from the power converters.

11. The charger according to claim 10, wherein the first and second data communication devices are configured for:

coupling power outputs of available power converters to a power exchange connection until a power request is fulfilled or until no more power converters are available.

12. The charger according to claim 11, wherein the first and second data communication devices are configured for:

verifying if there are available power converters after a predetermined time interval or after a predetermined event when a power request was or is more than a maximum power available from a power converter; and

if there are available power converters, coupling a power output of at least one of such power converters to the power exchange connection of the power exchange port for a vehicle that requests the power.

13. The charger according to claim 11, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

14. The charger according to claim 12, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

15. The charger according to claim 12, comprising:

a communication port for communication with a back-end of the power grid.

16. The charger according to claim 10, wherein the first and second data communication devices are configured for:

determining if at least one power converter has power available for at least partly fulfilling a power request from a vehicle;

coupling a power output of at least one power converter to a power exchange connection of a power exchange port for a vehicle if power is available; and

negotiating power conversion settings with the autonomously controllable power converters in response to a power request from a vehicle.

17. The charger according to claim 16, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

18. The charger according to claim 10, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

19. The charger according to claim 1, comprising:

a data storage coupled to the data communication bus, the data storage containing system limitation data, including at least one of a power limit of the grid connection, peak shaving requirements, and charging priority of the energy exchange port or energy costs.

20. The charger according to claim 1, comprising:

a communication port for communication with a back-end of the power grid.

21. The charger according to claim 1, wherein each of the power exchange ports are provided with a second data communication device, the first and second data communication devices coupling power outputs of available power converters to a power exchange connection until a power request is fulfilled or until no more power converters are available by means of a matrix of switches between the power exchange ports and the power converters.

22. The charger according to claim 21, wherein the charger does not comprise a master controller between the power exchange ports and the power converters.

23. The charger according to claim 1, wherein the charger does not comprise a master controller between the power exchange ports and the power converters.