Methods for generating pH/ionic concentration gradient near electrode surfaces for modulating biomolecular interactions
First Claim
1. A method comprising:
- a. providing a biosensor comprising a support in a solution;
b. adding an electrochemically active agent to the solution, wherein an electrode of the support is configured to cause a change in a redox state of the electrochemically active agent; and
c. adding an analyte that, in dependence upon the change of the redox state, interacts with a probe on the support.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.
35 Citations
33 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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a. providing a biosensor comprising a support in a solution; b. adding an electrochemically active agent to the solution, wherein an electrode of the support is configured to cause a change in a redox state of the electrochemically active agent; and c. adding an analyte that, in dependence upon the change of the redox state, interacts with a probe on the support. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method comprising:
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a. providing a biosensor comprising a support in a solution, wherein; i. the support comprises one or more electrodes, and a biomolecule interface layer having one or more immobilized probes thereon; and ii. the solution comprises an electrochemically active agent; b. adding a biomolecule analyte to the solution; c. reacting the electrochemically active agent using the one or more electrodes to produce an amount of H+ ions and/or an amount of OH−
ions, wherein the pH of the solution close to the one or more electrodes is controlled by the amount of H+ ions and/or the amount of OH−
ions produced; andd. collecting signals from the biosensor. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A biosensor comprising a support in a solution, wherein:
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the solution comprises an electrochemically active agent; the support comprises one or more electrodes and a biomolecule interface layer having one or more immobilized probes thereon; and the biosensor is configured to modify a pH of the solution near the one or more electrodes by electrochemically oxidizing or reducing the electrochemically active agent to produce H+ ions or OH−
ions. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A biosensor system comprising:
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a. a support that includes an electrode; b. a probe on the support; c. a solution comprising an electrochemically active agent; and d. an analyte that interacts with the probe on the support in dependence upon a change of a redox state of the electrochemically active agent, wherein the electrode is configured to control the change of the redox state of the electrochemically active agent.
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Specification