Method and device for producing three-dimensional models

• US 9,914,169 B2
• Filed: 04/10/2011
• Issued: 03/13/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/17/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Voxeljet AG
• Original Assignee: Voxeljet AG
• Inventors: Ederer, Ingo, Gunther, Daniel, Hartmann, Andreas Dominik
• Primary Examiner(s): Grun, Robert J
• Application Number:
  US13/640,126
• Publication Number:
  US 20130026680A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,529 Days
• Field of Search: 425166, 264401, 264308
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/14 by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/28 Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/43 characterised by material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/55 Two or more means for feeding material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/86 Serial processing with multiple devices grouped
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/88 Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/105 by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma B22F3/11 takes precedence; by ultrasonic bonding B22F3/115 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/153 using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/165 using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/176 Sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data, whereby a material is deposited in layers in a process chamber and the material is selectively solidified and/or bonded using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber, these steps being repeated. A conveyance of the material proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially and evenly up to an unpacking position.

Claims

1. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein each of the layers of the deposited material is deposited as a continuous layer on a first plane having an angle of greater than 0°

to a plane of the conveyance.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a conveyance direction essentially remains up to the unpacking position.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the material is a powder material.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein first a particulate material in a feedstock is introduced in a process chamber and then a build process of an object begins on this particulate material feedstock.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the build component is unpacked in the unpacking position without interrupting the build process.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the build component is moved via a conveyance means.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the build component is moved horizontally.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes producing multiple of the three-dimensional objects that are unconnected to each other.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable build surface is a conveyor belt.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the build component is moved with an angle to horizontal;

the material is a particulate material and is deposited in layers on a reception plane having an angle of greater than 0°

to a plane of the solid support surface;

the build component is supported by a fixed plate, and the build component moves on the continuous build surface throughout the conveyance;

the angle between the conveyor belt and the spreader device plane is less than an angle of repose of the particulate material; and

the spreader device moves along a plane angled with the conveyor belt in a direction at least partially away from the conveyor belt.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the deposited material is a particulate material;

and the angle between the conveyor belt and the spreader device plane is less than an angle of repose of the particulate material.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the method includes a step of a robot removing the object from the conveyor belt.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the deposited material is a particulate material, and the method includes a step of free particulate material running off the conveyor belt after the build component at least partially solidifies.

14. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein an auxiliary structures are additionally created during the layer-wise producing of the build component, which impede slipping off of the material layers during the build-up process.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein each of the layers of the deposited material is deposited as a continuous layer on a first plane having an angle of greater than 0°

to a plane of the conveyance.

16. The method of claim 14,

wherein the build component is supported by a fixed plate, and the build component moves on the continuous build surface throughout the conveyance.

17. A device for producing three-dimensional objects according to the method of claim 16, the device comprising:

computer-provided data,

a material that is deposited in layers,

a solidifying apparatus that selectively solidifies the deposited material, and

a means to convey the deposited material throughout the build-up process continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the means to convey includes a continuous solid surface for supporting the deposited layers.

18. The device according to claim 17, wherein a spreader device and/or the solidifying apparatus are moved on a coordinate system arranged at an angle to a plane of the continuous solid surface.

19. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein the build component is moved with an angle to horizontal.

20. A method for continuously producing three-dimensional objects comprising steps of:

using computer-provided data,

depositing a material on a movable material reception means including a movable build surface that is a continuous surface,

forming an object or multiple objects by repeatedly applying layers of the material on one side of the object or multiple objects;

subsequently solidifying and/or binding of the material; and

repeating the steps,

wherein the object or objects on the material reception means are continuously moved out of a process area during the production process and unpacked from the movable material reception means during the production process;

wherein the movable material reception means includes a support plate under the movable build surface that supports the material throughout the producing of the three-dimensional objects, including during a step of applying an initial layer of the material;

wherein the material is deposited in layers on a reception plane having an angle of greater than 0°

to a plane of the support plate.

21. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein a conveyance direction essentially remains up to the unpacking position; and

wherein a means for application for the material and a deposited material layer are provided so that the means for application and the material layer are moved toward each other relatively for the application of a further material layer that a reception plane of the material layer exhibits an angle of greater than 0°

to a layer plane of the means for application.

22. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein the method includes producing a first object and producing a second object above the first object, wherein the first object and the second object are produced at about the same time so that a delay in unpacking of the first object due to the need for the second object to solidify is avoided.

23. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein the method includes producing a first portion of an object and producing a second portion of an object above the first portion, wherein the first portion and the second portion are produced at about the same time so that a delay in unpacking of the first portion due to the need for the second portion to solidify is avoided.

24. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein the spreader device moves along a plane angled with the conveyor belt in a direction at least partially away from the conveyor belt.

25. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein the conveyance includes a conveyance on a conveyor belt, and the print head moves at least partially in a direction away from the conveyor belt.

26. A method for producing three-dimensional objects based on computer-provided data including a build process comprising the steps of:

depositing a particulate material in layers in a process chamber on a movable build surface that is a continuous surface;

selectively solidifying and/or bonding the particulate material using a bonding apparatus and/or a solidifying apparatus in the process chamber; and

repeating the steps of depositing and solidifying and/or bonding for layer-wise producing a build component;

wherein a conveyance of the build component proceeds during the build process and proceeds continuously, sequentially, and evenly up to an unpacking position;

wherein the repeating of the step of depositing includes depositing a first layer with a spreader device and depositing a second layer over substantially the entirety of the first layer with the same spreader device;

wherein the conveyance includes a conveyance on a conveyor belt, and a plate angled generally perpendicular to the conveyor belt prevents particulate material from running off the conveyor belt until the object has at least partially solidified.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the method includes a step of free particulate material running off the conveyor belt after the object at least partially solidifies.