Foreground detection using fractal dimensional measures
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method of foreground detection performed by a processor, the method comprising:
- receiving a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image;
receiving a segment map corresponding to the current image, the segment map defining at least one segment of the current image;
constructing a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification corresponding to a foreground or a background, wherein constructing the foreground indicator map comprises;
constructing an ambient background image; and
constructing a difference image, the difference image comprising a set of pixels, wherein each pixel of the difference image indicates a difference between a corresponding pixel in the ambient background image and a corresponding pixel in the current image;
constructing a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and
identifying, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, the at least one segment as a foreground segment or a background segment.
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Abstract
A technique for foreground determination includes analyzing pixels that are deemed to be changing between frames, and applying a filtration technique that is based on fractal methods. Implementations include applying a filter that is designed to eliminate structures of dimensionality less than unity while preserving those of dimensionality unity and greater. The technique may be performed in real-time and makes use of a variable threshold for foreground determination and image segmentation techniques.
7 Citations
25 Claims
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1. A method of foreground detection performed by a processor, the method comprising:
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receiving a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; receiving a segment map corresponding to the current image, the segment map defining at least one segment of the current image; constructing a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification corresponding to a foreground or a background, wherein constructing the foreground indicator map comprises; constructing an ambient background image; and constructing a difference image, the difference image comprising a set of pixels, wherein each pixel of the difference image indicates a difference between a corresponding pixel in the ambient background image and a corresponding pixel in the current image; constructing a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identifying, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, the at least one segment as a foreground segment or a background segment. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method of foreground detection performed by a processor, the method comprising:
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receiving a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; receiving a segment map corresponding to the current image, the segment map defining at least one segment of the current image; constructing a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification corresponding to a foreground or a background, wherein the foreground indicator map is a binary foreground indicator map (BFIM), and wherein constructing the BFIM comprises; determining, for each of the set of pixels in the BFIM, whether a corresponding pixel in the difference image corresponds to a difference that exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold is indicated by a corresponding pixel in the threshold image, the threshold image comprising a set of pixels, wherein each pixel of the threshold image indicates an amount by which a pixel can change between images and still be considered part of the background; and assigning an initial classification to each of the set of pixels in the BFIM, wherein the initial classification of a pixel is foreground if the corresponding difference exceeds the threshold; constructing a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identifying, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, the at least one segment as a foreground segment or a background segment. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method of foreground detection performed by a processor, the method comprising:
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receiving a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; receiving a segment map corresponding to the current image, the segment map defining at least one segment of the current image; constructing a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification corresponding to a foreground or a background, wherein the foreground indicator map is a non-binary foreground indicator map (NBFIM), and wherein constructing the NBFIM comprises; constructing a normalized absolute difference image (NADI), wherein the NADI comprises a set of pixels, each of the set of pixels comprising a plurality of components, wherein each component of each pixel of the NADI is equal to a corresponding value in the difference image divided by a corresponding value in the foreground threshold image; constructing an unfiltered NBFIM, having a set of pixels, wherein each pixel of the NBFIM is equal to the arc-hyperbolic sine of the sum of the squares of the components of a corresponding pixel in the NADI with a coefficient of 0.5 for each of the chroma components; and applying a non-binary fractal-based analysis to generate a filtered NBFIM; constructing a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identifying, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, the at least one segment as a foreground segment or a background segment. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. One or more computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon for foreground detection in a digital image, the instructions configured to cause a processor, upon execution, to instantiate at least one component, the at least one component comprising:
a foreground detector, the foreground detector configured to; receive a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; receive a segment map corresponding to the current image, the segment map defining at least one segment of the current image; construct a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification as foreground or background, wherein the foreground indicator map is a non-binary foreground indicator map (NBFIM); construct a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identify, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, the at least one segment as a foreground segment or a background segment.
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22. A system for performing foreground detection, the system comprising:
an encoding device having a processor configured to instantiate at least one component stored in a memory, the at least one component comprising a foreground detector configured to; receive a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; receive a segment map corresponding to the current image, the segment map defining at least one segment of the current image; construct a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification as foreground or background, wherein the foreground indicator map is a non-binary foreground indicator map (NBFIM); construct a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identify, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, the at least one segment as a foreground segment or a background segment.
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23. A method of foreground detection performed by a processor, the method comprising:
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receiving a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; constructing a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification corresponding to a foreground or a background, wherein the foreground indicator map is a non-binary foreground indicator map (NBFIM); constructing a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identifying, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, each of the set of pixels as a foreground pixel or a background pixel.
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24. One or more computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon for foreground detection in a digital image, the instructions configured to cause a processor, upon execution, to instantiate at least one component, the at least one component comprising:
a foreground detector, the foreground detector configured to; receive a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; construct a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification as foreground or background, wherein the foreground indicator map is a non-binary foreground indicator map (NBFIM); construct a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identify, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, each of the set of pixels as a foreground pixel or a background pixel.
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25. A system for performing foreground detection, the system comprising:
an encoding device having a processor configured to instantiate at least one component stored in a memory, the at least one component comprising a foreground detector configured to; receive a set of digital images, the set of digital images including a current image having a set of pixels, a first previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one of the set of pixels of the current image, and a second previous image having a set of pixels, at least one of which corresponds to at least one pixel in each of the current image and the first previous image; construct a foreground indicator map, the foreground indicator map comprising a set of pixels, wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map corresponds to one of the set of pixels in the current image, and wherein each of the set of pixels of the foreground indicator map includes an initial classification as foreground or background, wherein the foreground indicator map is a non-binary foreground indicator map (NBFIM); construct a filtered foreground indicator map by filtering the foreground indicator map by applying a filter configured to preserve structures having a fractal dimensionality of at least one; and identify, based on the filtered foreground indicator map, each of the set of pixels as a foreground pixel or a background pixel.
Specification