Systems, methods, and apparatus for increased foreign object detection loop array sensitivity

• US 9,921,045 B2
• Filed: 03/18/2014
• Issued: 03/20/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 10/22/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Sieber, Lukas, Fischer, Marcel, Widmer, Hanspeter
• Primary Examiner(s): Koval, Melissa
• Assistant Examiner(s): Farrow, Felicia
• Application Number:
  US14/218,516
• Publication Number:
  US 20150109000A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,463 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/147 electro magnetic [EMI]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/124 Detection or removal of foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/38 specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 7/003 for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination coordinate measuring G01B7/004
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 29/0807 characterised by the application
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

An apparatus for detecting a presence of an object can include a plurality of electrically conductive loops arranged in an array. The apparatus includes a sensor circuit configured to determine a characteristic associated with each of the plurality of loops. The apparatus includes a hardware processor configured to, for each loop of the plurality of loops, determine a parameter based on the characteristic associated with the loop and the characteristic associated with at least one adjacent loop. The hardware processor may be further configured to determine the presence of the object based on the parameter. The parameter may comprise a sum of a difference between the characteristic associated with the loop and a reference value for the characteristic, and a difference between the characteristic associated with each of the at least one adjacent loop and the reference value.

Claims

1. An apparatus for detecting a presence of an object, comprising:

a plurality of electrically conductive loops arranged in an array;

a sensor circuit configured to determine a characteristic comprising a loop resonance frequency associated with each of the plurality of loops;

a hardware processor configured to;

for each loop of the plurality of loops, determine a parameter comprising a sum of a deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from a reference value and a deviation of the characteristic associated with at least one adjacent loop from the reference value, wherein the parameter for at least two of the plurality of loops includes a deviation of the characteristic associated with the same adjacent loop; and

determine the presence of the object based on the parameter.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the characteristic further comprises loop impedance.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to apply a weighting factor to each of the deviations based on a geometrical arrangement of the plurality of loops.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to compensate for a drift in the characteristic associated with each of the plurality of loops due to temperature by determining the parameter as a difference between the deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from the reference value for the characteristic, and the deviation of the characteristic associated with the adjacent loop from the reference value.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein lead lines for the loop and for the adjacent loop are physically routed substantially together.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the hardware processor is configured to cancel out common drift in the characteristic associated with the loop and the adjacent loop.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of loops do not overlap.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of loops overlap.

9. A method for detecting a presence of an object, comprising:

determining a characteristic comprising a loop resonance frequency associated with each of a plurality of electrically conductive loops arranged in an array;

for each loop of the plurality of loops, determining a parameter comprising a sum of a deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from a reference value and a deviation of the characteristic associated with at least one adjacent loop from the reference value, wherein the parameter for at least two of the plurality of loops includes a deviation of the characteristic associated with the same adjacent loop; and

determining the presence of the object based on the parameter.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic further comprises a loop impedance.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the parameter comprises applying a weighting factor to each of the deviations based on a geometrical arrangement of the plurality of loops.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the parameter comprises compensating for a drift in the characteristic associated with each of the plurality of loops due to temperature by determining the parameter as a difference between the deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from the reference value for the characteristic, and the deviation of the characteristic associated with the adjacent loop from the reference value.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein lead lines for the loop and for the adjacent loop are physically routed substantially together.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein compensating for the drift cancels out common drift in the characteristic associated with the loop and the adjacent loop.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of loops do not overlap.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of loops overlap.

17. An apparatus for detecting a presence of an object, comprising:

means for determining a characteristic comprising a loop resonance frequency associated with each of a plurality of loops of a loop array;

means for, for each loop of the plurality of loops, determining a parameter comprising a sum of a deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from a reference value and a deviation of the characteristic associated with at least one adjacent loop from the reference value, wherein the parameter for at least two of the plurality of loops includes a deviation of the characteristic associated with the same adjacent loop; and

means for determining the presence of the object based on the parameter.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the characteristic further comprises a loop impedance.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising means for compensating for a drift in the characteristic associated with each of the plurality of loops due to temperature by determining the parameter as a difference between the deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from the reference value for the characteristic, and the deviation of the characteristic associated with the adjacent loop from the reference value.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein compensating for the drift in the characteristic comprises cancelling out common drift in the characteristic associated with the loop and the adjacent loop.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the plurality of loops do not overlap.

22. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for detecting a presence of an object having encoded thereon instructions that when executed cause an apparatus to:

determine a characteristic comprising a loop resonance frequency associated with each of a plurality of electrically conductive loops arranged in an array;

for each loop of the plurality of loops, determine a parameter comprising a sum of a deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from a reference value and a deviation of the characteristic associated with at least one adjacent loop from the reference value, wherein the parameter for at least two of the plurality of loops includes a deviation of the characteristic associated with the same adjacent loop; and

determine the presence of the object based on the parameter.

23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the characteristic further comprises a loop impedance.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein determining the parameter comprises compensating for a drift in the characteristic associated with each of the plurality of loops due to temperature by determining the parameter as a difference between the deviation of the characteristic associated with the loop from the reference value for the characteristic, and the deviation of the characteristic associated with the adjacent loop from the reference value.

25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein compensating for the drift comprises cancelling out common drift in the characteristic associated with the loop and the adjacent loop.

26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the plurality of loops do not overlap.