Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) write hole solutions

• US 9,921,914 B2
• Filed: 11/03/2015
• Issued: 03/20/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Ptak, Slawomir, Trika, Sanjeev N, Wysocki, Piotr, Karkra, Kapil, Ghosal, Rajib
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, DIEU MINH T
• Application Number:
  US14/931,730
• Publication Number:
  US 20170123921A1
• Time in Patent Office: 868 Days
• Field of Search: 714 624, 714 62, 714 622, 714 623, 714 11- 13
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1096 Parity calculation or recalculation after configuration or reconfiguration of the system
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/061 Improving I/O performance
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0619 in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/064 Management of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0659 Command handling arrangements, e.g. command buffers, queues, command scheduling
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0689 Disk arrays, e.g. RAID, JBOD

Abstract

An apparatus includes a plurality of drives configured as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) and drive array controller logic to: calculate a first partial parity log (PPL) value for a first write operation that targets a first active stripe of the plurality of drives; store the first PPL value in a first pre-allocated portion of the plurality of drives that depends on a first number associated with the first active stripe; calculate a second PPL value for a second write operation that targets a second active stripe of the plurality of drives; and store the second PPL value in a second pre-allocated portion of the plurality of drives that depends on a second number associated with the second active stripe.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a plurality of drives configured in a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) configuration; and

a drive array controller circuit to;

calculate a first partial parity log (PPL) value for a first write operation that targets a first active stripe of the plurality of drives, wherein the first PPL value is a first intermediate parity value useable to generate a first new parity value if the first new parity value is incorrect due to a power failure event, and wherein the first new parity value is stored in a first parity drive of the plurality of drives assigned to the first active stripe;

store the first PPL value in a first pre-allocated portion of the plurality of drives that depends on a first number associated with the first active stripe;

calculate a second PPL value for a second write operation that targets a second active stripe of the plurality of drives, wherein the second PPL value is a second intermediate parity value useable to generate a second new parity value if the second new parity value is incorrect due a to the power failure event, and wherein the second new parity value is stored in a second parity drive of the plurality of drives assigned to the second active stripe; and

store the second PPL value in a second pre-allocated portion of the plurality of drives that depends on a second number associated with the second active stripe.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drive array controller circuit is to calculate and store the first PPL value and the second PPL value at runtime, before issuing target-drive writes and parity-drive writes to the first active stripe and the second active stripe, respectively.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in response to detecting a failed drive event of one of the plurality of drives followed by the power failure event, the drive array controller circuit further to restore parity consistency for the first active stripe or the second active stripe using a corresponding PPL value from the first pre-allocated portion or the second pre-allocated portion, respectively.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the RAID configuration is a RAID 5 configuration, and wherein the drive array controller circuit, to calculate the first PPL value for a read-modify-write operation, is to perform an exclusive OR (XOR) on prior data of active strips and prior parity of the first active stripe.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the RAID configuration is a RAID 5 configuration, and wherein the drive array controller circuit, to calculate the first PPL value for a read-others write operation, is to perform an XOR on data of non-active strips of the first active stripe.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first pre-allocated portion is located on the first parity drive assigned to the first active stripe, and wherein the second pre-allocated portion is located on the second parity drive assigned to the second active stripe.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first pre-allocated portion is further located on a portion at an end of the first parity drive and the second pre-allocated portion is further located on a portion at an end of the second parity drive.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, for a partial-strip write within the first active stripe, the drive array controller circuit is further to:

logically divide the first active stripe into sub-stripes, for which the partial-strip write is a full-strip write for a sub-stripe;

calculate a PPL sub-value for respective sub-stripes; and

calculate the first PPL value for the first active stripe as a concatenation of the PPL sub-values.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the RAID configuration is one of a RAID 5 configuration or a RAID 6 configuration.

10. A system comprising:

a plurality of drives configured as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID);

a processor operatively coupled to the plurality of drives, the processor to execute drive array controller logic to;

calculate a first partial parity log (PPL) value for a first write operation received by the processor that targets a first active stripe of the plurality of drives wherein the first PPL value is a first intermediate parity value useable to generate a first new parity value if the first new parity value is incorrect due to a power failure event, and wherein the first new parity value is stored in a first parity drive of the plurality of drives assigned to the first active stripe;

store the first PPL value for the first write operation in a first strip of the first active stripe;

calculate a second PPL value for a second write operation received by the processor that targets a second active stripe of the plurality of drives, wherein the second PPL value is a second intermediate parity value useable to generate a second new parity value if the second new parity value is incorrect due a to the power failure event, and wherein the second new parity value is stored in a second parity drive of the plurality of drives assigned to the second active stripe; and

store the second PPL value for the second write operation in a second strip of the second active stripe.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first strip in which is stored the first PPL value is not a data strip or a parity strip of the first active stripe, and the second strip in which is stored the second PPL value is not a data strip or a parity strip of the second active stripe.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further to calculate and store the first PPL value and the second PPL value before issuing target-drive writes and parity-drive writes to the first active stripe and the second active stripe, respectively.

13. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor, to calculate the first PPL value for a read-modify-write operation, is to perform an exclusive OR (XOR) on prior data of active strips and prior parity of the first active stripe;

and to calculate the second PPL value for a read-others write operation, is to perform an XOR on data of non-active strips of the second active stripe.

14. The system of claim 10, wherein, for a partial-strip write within the first active stripe, the processor further to:

logically divide the first active stripe into sub-stripes, for which the partial-strip write is a full-strip write for a sub-stripe;

calculate a PPL sub-value for respective sub-stripes; and

calculate the first PPL value for the first active stripe as a concatenation of the PPL sub-values.

15. The system of claim 10, wherein, in response to detecting a failed drive event of one of the plurality of drives followed by the power failure event, the processor further to restore parity consistency for an active stripe using a corresponding PPL value stored on an active strip of an operational drive of the plurality of drives.

16. A method comprising:

calculating, by a processor core executing drive array controller logic, a first partial parity log (PPL) value for a first write operation that targets a first active stripe of a drive in a plurality of drives arranged in a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) configuration, the plurality of drives operating in a state without any failed drive, wherein the first PPL value is a first intermediate parity value useable to generate a first new parity value if the first new parity value is incorrect due to a power failure event;

storing the first new parity value in a first parity drive of the plurality of drives assigned to the first active stripe;

storing, by the processor core executing the drive array controller logic, the first PPL value for the first write operation in a first pre-allocated portion of the plurality of drives that depends on a first number associated with the first active stripe;

calculating, by the processor core executing the drive array controller logic, a second PPL value for a second write operation received by the processor that targets a second active stripe of the plurality of drives, wherein the second PPL value is a second intermediate parity value useable to generate a second new parity value if the second new parity value is incorrect due a to the power failure event;

storing the second new parity value in a second parity drive of the plurality of drives assigned to the second active stripe; and

storing, by the processor core executing the drive array controller logic, the second PPL value in a second pre-allocated portion of the plurality of drives that depends on a second number associated with the second active stripe.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the calculating and the storing the first PPL value and the second PPL value occur before issuing target-drive writes and parity-drive writes to, respectively, the first active stripe and the second active stripe.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising restoring parity consistency for the first active stripe or the second active stripe using, respectively, the first PPL value from the first pre-allocated portion or the second PPL value from the second pre-allocated portion, in response to detecting a failed drive event of one of the plurality of drives followed by the power failure event.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising calculating the first PPL value for a read-modify-write operation by performing an exclusive OR (XOR) on prior data of active strips and prior parity of the first active stripe, wherein the RAID configuration comprises a RAID 5 configuration.

20. The method of claim 16, the method further comprising calculating the first PPL value for a read-others write operation by performing an XOR on data of non-active strips of the first active stripe, wherein the RAID configuration comprises a RAID 5 configuration.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein storing the first PPL value in the first pre-allocated portion comprises writing the first PPL value to the first parity drive assigned to the first active stripe, and wherein storing the second PPL value in the second pre-allocated portion comprises writing the second PPL value to the second parity drive assigned to the second active stripe.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein storing the first PPL value in the first pre-allocated portion comprises writing the first PPL value to a portion at an end of a first parity drive assigned to the first active stripe, and wherein storing the second PPL value in the second pre-allocated portion comprises writing the second PPL value to a portion at an end of a second parity drive assigned to the second active stripe.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein storing the first PPL value in the first pre-allocated portion comprises writing the first PPL value to a strip of the first active stripe other than data strips and a parity strip of the first active stripe, and wherein storing the second PPL value in the second pre-allocated portion comprises writing the second PPL value to a strip of the second active stripe other than data strips and a parity strip of the second active stripe.

24. The method of claim 16, wherein the calculating the first PPL value further comprises:

calculating a checksum of the first PPL value; and

storing the checksum in a header of a PPL container in which is stored the first PPL value.

25. The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of drives is configured in one of a RAID 5 configuration or in a RAID 6 configuration.