Oxidizing fuel in multiple operating modes

• US 9,926,846 B2
• Filed: 03/20/2014
• Issued: 03/27/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ReductoNox Corp.
• Original Assignee: Ener-Core Power, Inc. (Ener-Core, Inc.)
• Inventors: Prabhu, Edan
• Primary Examiner(s): Rivera, Carlos A
• Application Number:
  US14/221,216
• Publication Number:
  US 20140202165A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,468 Days
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 3/22 the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure F02C3/28 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 6/18 using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants using waste heat as source of energy for refrigeration plants F25B27/02; using the waste heat of a gasturbine for steam generation or in a steam cycle see F01K23/10
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 7/08 Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 7/10 by means of regenerative heat-exchangers
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 7/22 Fuel supply systems
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 9/26 Control of fuel supply F02C9/48 takes precedence; fuel valves F02C7/232
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 9/40 specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels

Abstract

A fuel oxidizer system is operated in a first operating mode. In the first operating mode, a mixture that includes fuel from a fuel source is compressed in a compressor of the fuel oxidizer system; the fuel of the compressed mixture is oxidized in a reaction chamber of the fuel oxidizer system; and the oxidized fuel is expanded to generate rotational kinetic energy. The fuel oxidizer system is operated in a second operating mode. In the second operating mode, fuel from the fuel source is directed to bypass the compressor, and the fuel that bypassed the compressor is oxidized in the reaction chamber.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

operating a fuel oxidizer system in a first operating mode, comprising;

directing fuel from a fuel source to a compressor;

compressing a mixture comprising the fuel in the compressor to produce a compressed mixture comprising the fuel;

oxidizing the fuel of the compressed mixture in a reaction chamber to produce a first oxidation product;

directing the first oxidation product to a turbine; and

expanding the first oxidation product in the turbine to generate rotational kinetic energy; and

operating the fuel oxidizer system in a second operating mode, comprising;

directing all fuel that is received from the fuel source to the reaction chamber by bypassing the compressor;

oxidizing the fuel in the reaction chamber to produce a second oxidation product; and

directing all of the second oxidation product that is received from the reaction chamber to an exhaust path by bypassing the turbine.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein operating the fuel oxidizer system in the first operating mode further comprises outputting electrical energy based on the rotational kinetic energy.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, during the second operating mode:

a first valve between the fuel source and the compressor is closed;

a second valve between the reaction chamber and the turbine is closed.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein operating the fuel oxidizer system in the second operating mode comprises operating the fuel oxidizer system as a thermal oxidizer.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein expanding the first oxidation product comprises expanding the first oxidation product in the turbine to rotate the turbine.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein oxidizing the fuel of the compressed mixture comprises controlling a maximum temperature of the fuel in the reaction chamber to be substantially at or below an inlet temperature of the turbine.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein operating the fuel oxidizer system in the second operating mode further comprises:

preheating air; and

mixing the preheated air with the fuel that bypassed the compressor.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein oxidizing the fuel of the compressed mixture comprises initiating an oxidation reaction by gradually raising the temperature of the fuel above an auto-ignition temperature of the fuel.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein oxidizing the fuel of the compressed mixture comprises initiating an oxidation reaction substantially independent of an oxidation catalyst or an ignition source.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein directing the fuel from the fuel source to the compressor comprises directing the fuel to the compressor via a first valve disposed along a first flow path.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein directing the fuel from the fuel source to the reaction chamber by bypassing the compressor comprises directing the fuel to bypass the compressor via a second valve disposed along a second flow path.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein directing the first oxidation product to the turbine comprises directing the first oxidation product to the turbine via a third flow path.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein directing the second oxidation product to the exhaust path by bypassing the turbine comprises directing the first oxidation product to the exhaust path via a fourth flow path.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein operating the fuel oxidizer system in the first operating mode further comprises:

directing the compressed mixture through a heat exchanger; and

directing the first oxidation product through the heat exchanger.

15. A method comprising:

operating a fuel oxidizer system in a first operating mode, comprising;

directing fuel from a fuel source to a compressor;

compressing a mixture comprising the fuel in the compressor to produce a compressed mixture comprising the fuel;

oxidizing the fuel of the compressed mixture in a reaction chamber to produce a first oxidation product;

directing the first oxidation product to a turbine; and

expanding the first oxidation product in the turbine to generate rotational kinetic energy; and

operating the fuel oxidizer system in a second operating mode, comprising;

directing fuel from the fuel source to the reaction chamber by bypassing the compressor;

directing the fuel through a heat exchanger;

oxidizing the fuel in the reaction chamber to produce a second oxidation product;

directing all of the second oxidation product that is received from the reaction chamber to an exhaust path by bypassing the turbine; and

directing the second oxidation product through the heat exchanger.

16. A method comprising:

operating a fuel oxidizer system in a first operating mode, comprising;

directing fuel from a fuel source to a compressor;

compressing a mixture comprising the fuel in the compressor to produce a compressed mixture comprising the fuel;

directing the compressed mixture to a reaction chamber via a first heat exchanger;

oxidizing the fuel of the compressed mixture in the reaction chamber to produce a first oxidation product;

directing the first oxidation product to a turbine;

expanding the first oxidation product in the turbine to generate rotational kinetic energy; and

directing the first oxidation product through the first heat exchanger; and

operating the fuel oxidizer system in a second operating mode, comprising;

directing fuel from the fuel source through a second heat exchanger to the reaction chamber by bypassing the compressor;

oxidizing the fuel in the reaction chamber to produce a second oxidation product; and

directing the second oxidation product through the second heat exchanger to an exhaust path by bypassing the turbine.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein directing the fuel from the fuel source to the compressor comprises directing the fuel to the compressor via a first valve disposed along a first flow path.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein directing the fuel from the fuel source to the reaction chamber by bypassing the compressor comprises directing the fuel to bypass the compressor via a second valve disposed along a second flow path.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein directing the first oxidation product to the turbine comprises directing the first oxidation product to the turbine via a third flow path.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein directing the second oxidation product to the exhaust path by bypassing the turbine comprises directing the second oxidation product to the exhaust path via a fourth flow path.