Electric vehicle wireless charging with monitoring of duration of charging operational mode

• US 9,931,952 B2
• Filed: 06/24/2013
• Issued: 04/03/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 06/27/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Tripathi, Manish, Yenamandra, Rao S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Drew A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Zhou, Zixuan
• Application Number:
  US13/925,655
• Publication Number:
  US 20140002015A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,744 Days
• Field of Search: 320108-109, 701 22
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/36 Temperature of vehicle components or parts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0069 relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/665 Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/005 Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 : involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 : Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0042 : characterised by the mechanical construction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 : Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus are disclosed for electric vehicle wireless charging. In one aspect, a method of transferring wireless power to an electric vehicle is provided, including initiating a charging cycle comprising at least one initialization state during which a wireless power link sufficient for charging is established between the wireless power transfer system and the electric vehicle and at least one charging state during which wireless power transfer from the wireless power transfer system to the electric vehicle is performed. The method further includes generating a first timestamp indicating a start time of the wireless power transfer in response to entering the at least one charging state and generating a second timestamp indicating an end time of the wireless power transfer.

Claims

1. A method of transferring wireless power to an electric vehicle, the method comprising:

initiating a charging cycle of a wireless power transfer system, the charging cycle comprising a plurality of operational states comprising;

at least one initialization state during which a wireless power link sufficient for transferring the wireless power is established between the wireless power transfer system and the electric vehicle, the at least one initialization state defining a first period of time during which a first amount of power is transferred; and

at least one charging state during which wireless transfer of a second amount of power from the wireless power transfer system to the electric vehicle sufficient for charging is performed, the at least one initialization state comprising at least one alignment state during which alignment for the at least one charging state is performed, wherein, during the at least one alignment state, the first amount of the power is transmitted to the vehicle at a power level sufficient for the alignment;

starting the at least one charging state;

generating a first timestamp indicating a start time of the wireless power transfer upon starting the at least one charging state;

ending the at least one charging state;

generating a second timestamp indicating an end time of the wireless power transfer upon ending the at least one charging state; and

generating a cost of the wireless power transferred to the vehicle based on excluding the first amount of the power transmitted to the vehicle during the first period.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless power transfer system comprises a base pad having at least one base system induction coil and the electric vehicle comprises a vehicle pad having at least one electric vehicle induction coil, and the alignment comprises alignment of the vehicle pad with the base pad to configure the base pad and the vehicle pad for the wireless power transfer.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, during the at least one alignment state, the base pad is energized with a first current, and during the at least one charging state, the base pad is energized with a second current greater than the first current.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first current is less than 10% of the second current.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first current is less than 50% of the second current.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the first current is between 5% and 15% of the second current or between 40% and 60% of the second current.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the second current is sufficient to charge or power the electric vehicle.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the wireless power transfer station has a maximum track current and the second current is at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the maximum track current.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a cost based at least in part on the first timestamp and the second timestamp.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cost includes a charge for power used during the at least one charging state and does not include a charge for power used during the at least one initialization state.

11. A wireless power apparatus for charging an electric vehicle comprising a vehicle pad having at least one electric vehicle induction coil, the apparatus comprising:

a base pad having at least one base system induction coil; and

a processor configured to;

control a charging cycle of the apparatus, the charging cycle comprising at least one initialization state during which a wireless power link sufficient for transferring the wireless power is established between the wireless power apparatus and the electric vehicle, the at least one initialization state defining a first period of time during which a first amount of the power is transferred, and at least one charging state during which wireless transfer of a second amount of power from the wireless power apparatus to the electric vehicle sufficient for charging is performed, the at least one initialization state comprising at least one alignment state during which alignment for the at least one charging state is performed, wherein, during the at least one alignment state, the first amount of the power is transmitted to the vehicle at a power level sufficient for the alignment;

start the at least one charging state;

generate a first timestamp indicating a start time of the wireless power transfer upon starting the at least one charging state;

end the at least one charging state;

generate a second timestamp indicating an end time of the wireless power transfer upon ending the at least one charging state; and

generate a cost of the wireless power transferred to the vehicle based on excluding the first amount of the power transmitted to the vehicle during the first period.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the alignment comprises alignment of the vehicle pad with the base pad.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein, during the at least one alignment state, the base pad is energized with a first current, and during the at least one charging state, the base pad is energized with a second current greater than the first current.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first current is less than 10% of the second current.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first current is less than 50% of the second current.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first current is between 5% and 15% of the second current or between 40% and 60% of the second current.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the second current is sufficient to charge or power the electric vehicle.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the wireless power apparatus has a maximum track current and the second current is at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the maximum track current.

19. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the alignment of the vehicle pad with the base pad comprises configuring the base pad and the vehicle pad for the wireless power transfer.

20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to generate a cost based at least in part on the first timestamp and the second timestamp.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the cost includes a charge for power used during the at least one charging state and does not include a charge for power used during the at least one initialization state.

22. A wireless power apparatus for charging an electric vehicle comprising a vehicle pad having at least one electric vehicle induction coil, the apparatus comprising:

means for wirelessly transferring power from the apparatus to the vehicle pad;

means for controlling a charging cycle of the apparatus, the charging cycle comprising at least one initialization state during which a wireless power link sufficient for transferring the wireless power is established between the wireless power apparatus and the electric vehicle, the at least one initialization state defining a first period of time during which a first amount of the power is transferred, and at least one charging state during which wireless transfer of a second amount of power from the wireless power apparatus to the electric vehicle sufficient for charging is performed, the at least one initialization state comprising at least one alignment state during which alignment for the at least one charging state is performed, wherein, during the at least one alignment state, the first amount of the power is transmitted to the vehicle at a power level sufficient for the alignment;

means for starting the at least one charging state;

means for generating a first timestamp indicating a start time of the wireless power transfer upon starting the at least one charging state;

means for ending the at least one charging state;

means for generating a second timestamp indicating an end time of the wireless power transfer upon ending the at least one charging state; and

means for generating a cost of the wireless power transferred to the vehicle based on excluding the first amount of the power transmitted to the vehicle during the first period.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the alignment comprises alignment of the vehicle pad with the means for wirelessly transferring power.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the means for wirelessly transferring power comprises a base pad having at least one base system induction coil.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the means for controlling the charging cycle comprises at least one processor.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the means for generating the first timestamp comprises the at least one processor.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the means for generating the second timestamp comprises the at least one processor.

28. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising means for generating a cost based at least in part on the first timestamp and the second timestamp.

29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a wireless power transfer system for charging an electric vehicle to:

initiate a charging cycle comprising a plurality of operational states comprising;

at least one initialization state during which a wireless power link sufficient for transferring the wireless power is established between the wireless power transfer system and the electric vehicle, the at least one initialization state defining a first period of time during which a first amount of the power is transferred; and

at least one charging state during which wireless power transfer of a second amount of power from the wireless power transfer system to the electric vehicle sufficient for charging is performed, the at least one initialization state comprising at least one alignment state during which alignment for the at least one charging state is performed, wherein, during the at least one alignment state,

the first amount of the power is transmitted to the electric vehicle at a power level sufficient for the alignment;

start the at least one charging state;

generate a first timestamp indicating a start time of the wireless power transfer upon starting the at least one charging state;

end the at least one charging state;

generate a second timestamp indicating an end time of the wireless power transfer upon ending the at least one charging state; and

generate a cost of the wireless power transferred to the vehicle based on excluding the first amount of the power transmitted to the vehicle during the first period.

30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the alignment comprises alignment of the electric vehicle with the wireless power transfer system.

31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 29, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless power transfer system to generate a cost based at least in part on the first timestamp and the second timestamp.