Harmonic suppressing local oscillator signal generation

• US 9,935,722 B2
• Filed: 06/21/2016
• Issued: 04/03/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Intel IP Corporation (Intel Corporation)
• Inventors: Gebhard, Andreas, Sadjina, Silvester, Dufrene, Krzysztof, Tertinek, Stefan
• Primary Examiner(s): Haider, Syed
• Application Number:
  US15/188,267
• Publication Number:
  US 20170366280A1
• Time in Patent Office: 651 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1441 using field-effect transistors H03D7/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 15/06 by local oscillators of receivers

Abstract

A transceiver includes local oscillator (LO) signal circuitry configured to output an LO signal having an LO frequency and mixer circuitry configured to input the LO signal and an information signal that encodes communication data and output a shifted signal that corresponds to the information signal shifted to a desired frequency. The LO signal circuitry includes selection circuitry and generation circuitry. The selection circuitry is configured to select a pulse pattern and a gap duration based at least on a target harmonic of the LO frequency to be suppressed. The pulse pattern includes at least two pulses spaced apart by a gap having the gap duration. The generation circuitry is configured to generate an LO signal characterized by the selected pulse pattern and gap duration.

Claims

1. A transceiver, comprising:

local oscillator (LO) signal circuitry configured to output an LO signal having an LO frequency, wherein each period of the LO signal is characterized by a duty cycle portion during which the LO signal includes at least two pulses configured to bias a switch, wherein the duty cycle has a duration that is less than an LO signal period, comprising;

selection circuitry configured to select a pulse pattern and a gap duration based at least on a target harmonic of the LO frequency to be suppressed, wherein the gap is characterized as a time interval during the duty cycle in which the LO signal has no content; and

generation circuitry configured to generate the LO signal characterized by each duty cycle portion comprising the selected pulse pattern and gap duration; and

mixer circuitry configured to input the LO signal and an information signal that encodes communication data and output a shifted signal that corresponds to the information signal shifted to a desired frequency.

2. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the pulse pattern comprises two pulses that occur during a single period of the LO signal, further wherein the two pulses are spaced apart by a gap having the gap duration.

3. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the LO signal circuitry is configured to generate four LO signal components, wherein the duty cycle portion of each LO signal component is characterized by the selected pulse pattern and gap duration, wherein each LO signal component has a duty cycle portion having a duration of 25% of the LO signal period.

4. The transceiver of claim 3 wherein the duty cycles of the four LO signal components are non-overlapping.

5. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the selection circuitry is configured to:

identify the target harmonic based on at least two clock signals in use by the transceiver;

select a pulse pattern and gap duration associated with the target harmonic; and

provide the selected pulse pattern and gap duration to the generation circuitry.

6. The transceiver of claim 1 wherein the selection circuitry is configured to:

determine i) a first set of harmonics of a first frequency associated with a transmitter or receiver of the transceiver and ii) a second set of harmonics of a second frequency associated with a different transmitter or receiver of the transceiver; and

when a harmonic of the first frequency is within a predetermined proximity to a harmonic of the second frequency, select either the harmonic of the first frequency or the harmonic of the second frequency as the target harmonic.

7. The transceiver of claim 1 wherein the selection circuitry is configured to:

determine i) a set of harmonics of a transmit frequency associated with a transmitter of the transceiver and ii) a set of spur frequencies comprising combinations of a harmonic of a first receive frequency associated with a first receiver of the transceiver and a harmonic of a second receive frequency associated with a second receiver of the transceiver; and

when a harmonic of a fundamental transmit frequency is within a predetermined proximity to a spur frequency comprising a combination of any receive frequencies, select a harmonic of one of the receive frequencies that is generating the spur frequency as the target harmonic.

8. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the pulse pattern comprises a pair of pulses having equal duration, further wherein the durations of the pulses combined with the gap duration is equal to 25% of the period of the LO signal.

9. The transceiver of claim 8, wherein the pulse pattern comprises a third pulse occurring half a period after a beginning of the gap.

10. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the pulse pattern comprises a first pulse and a second pulse having equal duration and a center pulse occurring between the first pulse and the second pulse, wherein a beginning of the center pulse occurs the gap duration after an end of the first pulse, and an end of the center pulse occurs the gap duration before a beginning of the second pulse, further wherein, the durations of the pulses combined with two times the gap duration is equal to 25% of the period of the LO signal.

11. A method, comprising:

identifying a target harmonic of a first LO frequency that is likely to cause interference;

generating an LO signal having the first LO frequency,

wherein each period of the LO signal is characterized by a duty cycle portion during which the LO signal includes at least two pulses configured to bias a switch,

wherein the duty cycle has a duration that is less than the LO signal period,

wherein each duty cycle portion is further characterized by a pulse pattern comprising the at least two pulses spaced apart by at least one gap having a gap duration,

wherein the gap is characterized as a time interval during the duty cycle in which the LO signal has no content, and

further wherein the at least one gap is positioned such that the LO signal has no content at the target harmonic; and

providing the LO signal to a mixer for shifting an information signal encoding communication data between a baseband frequency and an RF frequency.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

determining that the first LO frequency has changed to a second LO frequency;

determining a second target harmonic of the second LO frequency that is likely to cause interference;

generating a second LO signal having the second LO frequency, wherein the second LO signal comprises a second duty cycle portion comprising a series of least two pulses spaced apart by at least one gap, wherein the at least one gap is positioned such that the second LO signal has no content at the second target harmonic, further wherein the second LO signal is different from the first LO signal in pulse pattern or gap duration; and

providing the second LO signal to the mixer.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

reading a lookup table that maps respective pulse pattern and gap duration pairs to respective harmonics that are suppressed by the LO signal having the pulse pattern and gap duration;

selecting a pulse pattern and gap duration pair mapped to the target harmonic;

generating the LO signal having the first LO frequency that is characterized by the selected pulse pattern and gap duration.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein identifying the target harmonic comprises:

computing harmonics of two or more of a transmitter frequency, a first receive frequency, or a second receive frequency; and

identifying a harmonic that is within a proximity limit of another harmonic as the target harmonic.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein identifying the target harmonic comprises:

computing i) a set of harmonics of a transmit frequency associated with a transmitter of the transceiver and ii) a set of spur frequencies comprising combinations of a harmonic of a first receive frequency associated with a first receiver of the transceiver and a harmonic of a second receive frequency associated with a second receiver of the transceiver; and

when a harmonic of a fundamental transmit frequency is within a predetermined proximity to a spur frequency comprising a combination of any receive frequencies, selecting a harmonic of one of the receive frequencies that is generating the spur frequency as the target harmonic.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the pulse pattern comprises a pair of pulses having equal duration, further wherein the durations of the pulses combined with the gap duration is equal to 25% of the period of the LO signal.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the pulse pattern comprises a third pulse occurring half a period after a beginning of the second pulse, further wherein the durations of the pair of pulses and the third pulse combined is equal to 25% of the period of the LO signal.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the pulse pattern comprises a first pulse and a second pulse having equal duration and a center pulse occurring between the first pulse and the second pulse, wherein a beginning of the center pulse occurs the gap duration after an end of the first pulse, and an end of the center pulse occurs the gap duration before a beginning of the second pulse, further wherein, the durations of the pulses combined with two times the gap duration is equal to 25% of the period of the LO signal.

19. Local oscillator (LO) signal circuitry for use in a transceiver, the LO signal circuitry configured to output an LO signal having an LO frequency, comprising:

generation circuitry configured to;

generate the LO signal, wherein each period of the LO signal is characterized by duty cycle portion during which the LO signal includes at least two pulses configured to bias a switch, wherein the duty cycle is characterized by a pulse pattern and a gap duration, such that each duty cycle portion of the LO signal comprises the at least two pulses spaced apart by a gap having the gap duration, wherein the gap is characterized as a time interval during the duty cycle in which the LO signal has no content; and

provide the LO signal to mixer circuitry configured to shift an information signal that encodes communication data to a desired frequency; and

selection circuitry configured to;

identify a target harmonic of the LO frequency that is likely to cause interference;

select a pulse pattern and a gap duration based at least on the target harmonic; and

control the generation circuitry based at least on the pulse pattern and gap duration to generate the LO signal.

20. The LO signal circuitry of claim 19, wherein the gap is positioned such that the LO signal has no content at the target harmonic.

21. The LO signal circuitry of claim 19, further comprising:

memory configured to store a first lookup table that maps respective pulse pattern and gap duration pairs to respective harmonics that are suppressed by the LO signal having the pulse pattern and gap duration;

memory configured to store a second lookup table that maps respective combinations of clock signal frequencies to respective target harmonics; and

wherein the selection circuitry is configured to read the first lookup table and the second lookup table to select the target harmonic.

22. The LO signal circuitry of claim 19, wherein the second lookup table maps respective combinations of two or more of:

i) a transmitter frequency, ii) two or more receiver LO frequencies, iii) an analog to digital converter clock frequency, or iv) a digitally controlled oscillator frequency, to respective target harmonics.

23. The LO signal circuitry of claim 19, wherein the pulse pattern includes two pulses that occur during a single period of the LO signal.