Vehicle having a rigid frame structure for receiving a replaceable battery pack

• US 9,937,818 B2
• Filed: 07/31/2016
• Issued: 04/10/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NIO (Anhui) Holding Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nio Usa Inc.
• Inventors: Newman, Austin L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Swenson, Brian L
• Application Number:
  US15/224,659
• Publication Number:
  US 20170225587A1
• Time in Patent Office: 618 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/04 of the electric storage means for propulsion exchanging batteries for electric propulsion of vehicles B60L53/80; for auxiliary purposes only B60R16/04; supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles B60S5/06
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2001/0438 Arrangement under the floor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2001/0472 from below
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/80 Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2200/90 Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2306/01 Reducing damages in case of crash, e.g. by improving battery protection
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/613 Cooling or keeping cold
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/625 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6568 characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2200/00 Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0045 concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 999/99 dummy group
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

A vehicle has a body forming a passenger compartment. The vehicle also has a chassis supporting the body. The chassis includes a frame structure having a pair of side rails running longitudinally along the body, a plurality of rigid cross rails extending perpendicular to the side rails and attached at opposing ends to the side rails, and at least one bay defined between the plurality of cross rails. The vehicle also has a battery system including a battery pack. The battery pack has a plurality of electrical storage devices. The battery pack is secured to the side rails and removably positioned in the at least one bay.

Claims

1. A vehicle, comprising:

a body forming a passenger compartment;

a chassis supporting the body, the chassis including a frame structure comprising;

a pair of side rails running longitudinally along the body;

a pair of end rails extending perpendicular to the side rails and disposed at longitudinal ends of the side rails;

a plurality of rigid cross rails extending perpendicular to the side rails and attached at opposing ends to the side rails, wherein each cross rail of the plurality of rigid cross rails are disposed between the pair of end rails and spaced apart from one another; and

a bay defined between each adjacent pair of cross rails of the plurality of rigid cross rails; and

a battery system including a battery pack having a plurality of electrical storage devices, the battery pack being secured to the side rails and removably positioned in the bay, the battery pack having a container including a plurality of channels extending perpendicular to the side rails, and wherein each channel of the plurality of channels receives a respective cross rail of the plurality of rigid cross rails,

wherein each cross rail includes a first portion and a second portion that extends perpendicular to the first portion,

wherein each first portion contacts a top surface of the container adjacent to a respective channel and each second portion extends into the respective channel, and

wherein each first portion is hollow and includes a flange which extends outwardly and contacts the top surface of the container.

2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the side rails include interconnected horizontally-extending panels, diagonally-extending panels, and vertically-extending panels,

wherein the diagonally extending panels and edges of the battery pack define a gap between the battery pack and the side rails, and

wherein the body includes a floor panel, and the frame structure and the battery pack are positioned beneath the floor panel.

3. The vehicle of claim 2, further comprising:

an inflatable element positioned in the gap to protect the battery pack from a collision force, wherein the frame structure is connected to a pair of axles of the vehicle.

4. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels is formed in an upper portion of the battery pack, and wherein each second portion is hollow.

5. The vehicle of claim 4, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels formed in the battery pack has a corresponding shape to the respective cross rail of the plurality of rigid cross rails.

6. The vehicle of claim 5, wherein the plurality of channels includes at least three channels and the frame structure includes at least three cross rails.

7. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the battery pack is a first battery pack and the battery system further includes a second battery pack.

8. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the first battery pack and the second battery pack each include at least one channel, and the respective cross rail of the plurality of rigid cross rails is received in each channel.

9. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the bay includes an end bay disposed between an end rail of the pair of end rails and an adjacent cross rail of the plurality of rigid cross rails and the battery pack is positioned in each of the bays.

10. A battery protection system, comprising:

a vehicle frame structure, comprising a pair of longitudinally-extending side rails interconnected by a pair of end rails extending perpendicular to the side rails and disposed at longitudinal ends of the side rails and by a plurality of rigid, transversely-extending cross rails, the vehicle frame structure defining a plurality of bays between the side rails and separated by the end rails and cross rails; and

a battery pack comprising a plurality of electrical storage devices enclosed in a container, the container including a plurality of channels defined in an upper portion thereof,

wherein the battery pack is removably positioned in at least two of the plurality of bays with the container secured to the side rails and each cross rail of the plurality of cross rails positioned in respective channels of the plurality of channels,

wherein each cross rail includes a first portion and a second portion that extends perpendicular to the first portion,

wherein each first portion contacts a top surface of the container adjacent to a respective channel and each second portion extends into the respective channel, and

wherein each first portion is hollow and includes a flange which extends outwardly and contacts the top surface of the container.

11. The battery protection system of claim 10,

wherein the side rails include interconnected horizontally-extending panels, diagonally-extending panels, and vertically-extending panels, and

wherein the diagonally extending panels and edges of the battery pack define a gap between the battery pack and the side rails.

12. The battery protection system of claim 11, further comprising:

an inflatable element position in the gap to protect the battery pack from a collision force, wherein the plurality of cross rails are tapered.

13. The battery protection system of claim 12, wherein each channel includes a pair of converging side walls which form the taper of the cross rail.

14. The battery protection system of claim 10, wherein the side rails include a ridge, and wherein each cross rail is longer than a corresponding channel such that a portion of the cross rail extends laterally out of the channel and contacts the ridge.

15. The battery protection system of claim 10, further including a fastening mechanism for securing the battery pack to the frame structure, wherein each second portion is hollow.

16. The battery protection system of claim 15, wherein the fastening mechanism includes a flange extending from the battery pack and a plurality of fasteners extending through apertures formed in the flange.

17. The battery protection system of claim 16, wherein the fasteners are single-sided fasteners or blind bolts.

18. The battery protection system of claim 10, wherein the battery pack includes groups of electrical storage devices separated by a partition.

19. The battery protection system of claim 18, wherein the partition is aligned with at least one channel of the plurality of channels such that the at least one channel sits above the partition, and wherein the partition is in a lower portion of the container, and wherein the partition has a top surface that is coplanar with top surfaces of the plurality of electrical storage devices.

20. A battery pack, comprising:

a container;

a plurality of electrical storage devices at least partially enclosed in the container;

a fastening mechanism for securing the container to a frame structure; and

a plurality of channels defined in an upper portion of the container; and

at least one partition defined in a lower portion of the container to separate groups of the plurality of electrical storage devices form one another,

wherein the at least one partition is aligned with at least one of the plurality of channels such that the at least one channel sits above the at least one partition, and

wherein each channel of the plurality of channels includes a pair of converging side walls configured to receive a tapered cross rail of a plurality of rigid cross rails of the frame structure.