Hydrocarbon gas processing including a single equipment item processing assembly
First Claim
1. A process for the separation of a gas stream containing at least methane and carbon dioxide into a volatile residue gas fraction containing a major portion of said methane and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said carbon dioxide wherein(1) said gas stream is cooled in a first means for providing heat and mass transfer that is housed in a single equipment item processing assembly thereby forming a cooled stream, and further cooled in a lower region of one or more means for providing heat exchange housed in said processing assembly, thereby forming a further cooled stream;
- (2) said further cooled stream is expanded to intermediate pressure whereby it is further cooled;
(3) said expanded further cooled stream is supplied as a top feed to a mass transfer means housed in said processing assembly, said mass transfer means having a lower region and an upper region;
(4) a distillation liquid stream is collected from the lower region of said mass transfer means and heated in said first means for providing heat and mass transfer, said first means for providing heat and mass transfer being configured to provide heat exchange between(a) said gas stream flowing through one pass of said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
(b) said distillation liquid stream flowing downward from said mass transfer means,so that said gas stream is cooled to form said cooled stream while heating said distillation liquid stream before it leaves said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
wherein as said distillation liquid stream is heated, a portion of it is vaporized to form stripping vapors that rise upward as remaining liquid continues flowing downward through said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer provides continuous contact between said stripping vapors and said remaining liquid so that said first means for providing heat and mass transfer also functions to provide mass transfer between vapor and liquid phases, stripping said remaining liquid of methane and lighter components; and
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer supplies at least a portion of the cooling of step (1) while simultaneously stripping the more volatile components from said remaining liquid stream, and thereafter discharging said heated and stripped remaining liquid from said processing assembly as said relatively less volatile fraction;
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer does not include external reboilers;
(5) a first distillation vapor stream is collected from the upper region of said mass transfer means and combined with a vapor portion of said expanded further cooled stream to form a second distillation vapor stream;
(6) said second distillation vapor stream is cooled in a second means for providing heat and mass transfer that is housed in said processing assembly, thereby condensing the less volatile components from said second distillation vapor stream and forming a condensed stream and a third distillation vapor stream;
wherein said second means for providing heat and mass transfer does not include external reflux equipment items;
(7) at least a portion of said condensed stream is supplied as another top feed to said mass transfer means;
(8) said relatively less volatile fraction is divided into at least first and second streams;
(9) said second stream is cooled in an upper region of said one or more heat exchange means and thereafter expanded to lower pressure whereby it is further cooled;
(10) said expanded cooled second stream is heated, in said second means for providing heat and mass transfer, said second means for providing heat and mass transfer being configured to provide heat exchange between(a) said second distillation vapor stream flowing upward through one pass of said second means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
(b) said expanded cooled second stream flowing downward,so that said second distillation vapor stream is cooled while heating said expanded cooled second stream;
wherein as said second distillation vapor stream is cooled, a portion of said second distillation vapor stream is condensed and said condensed stream is thereby formed and falls downward while said third distillation vapor stream is also formed and flows upward through said second means for providing heat and mass transfer;
wherein said second means for providing heat and mass transfer provides continuous contact between said condensed stream and said third distillation vapor stream so that said second means for providing heat and mass transfer also functions to provide mass transfer between vapor and liquid phases, thereby providing rectification of said third distillation vapor stream; and
wherein said second means for providing heat and mass transfer supplies at least a portion of the cooling of step (6);
(11) said third distillation vapor stream is heated in said lower region of said one or more means for providing heat exchange that is housed in said processing assembly, said one or more means for providing heat exchange being configured to provide heat exchange between(a) said cooled stream flowing through one pass in said lower region of said one or more heat exchange means,(b) said heated expanded cooled second stream flowing through another pass in said lower region of said one or more heat exchange means, and(c) said third distillation vapor stream arising from said second means for providing heat and mass transfer,so that said third distillation vapor stream is heated to form a partially heated third distillation vapor stream and said heated expanded cooled second stream is further heated while said cooled stream is further cooled; and
wherein said one or more means for providing heat exchange is further configured to provide heat exchange between(d) said second stream flowing through one pass in said upper region of said one or more heat exchange means, and(e) said partially heated third distillation vapor stream that has been heated in said lower region of said one or more means for providing heat exchange,wherein said second stream is cooled while further heating said partially heated third distillation vapor stream to form a heated third distillation vapor stream and wherein said one or more means for providing heat exchange supplies at least a portion of the cooling of steps (1) and (9), and thereafter discharging said heated third distillation vapor stream from said processing assembly as said volatile residue gas fraction;
wherein said one or more heat exchange means does not include external reflux equipment items; and
(12) the quantities and temperatures of said feed streams to said mass transfer means are effective to maintain the temperature of said upper region of said mass transfer means at a temperature whereby the major portion of said carbon dioxide is recovered in said relatively less volatile fraction.
3 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A process and an apparatus are disclosed for a compact processing assembly to remove carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon gas stream. The gas stream is cooled, expanded to intermediate pressure, and fed to the top of a mass transfer means. A distillation liquid stream from the mass transfer means is heated in a first heat and mass transfer means to strip out its volatile components and form a bottom liquid product. A distillation vapor stream from the mass transfer means is combined with any vapor in the expanded cooled gas stream, and the combined vapor stream is cooled in a second heat and mass transfer means to partially condense it, forming a condensed stream that is fed to the top of the mass transfer means. A portion of the bottom liquid product is subcooled, expanded to lower pressure, and used to cool the combined vapor stream.
86 Citations
12 Claims
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1. A process for the separation of a gas stream containing at least methane and carbon dioxide into a volatile residue gas fraction containing a major portion of said methane and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said carbon dioxide wherein
(1) said gas stream is cooled in a first means for providing heat and mass transfer that is housed in a single equipment item processing assembly thereby forming a cooled stream, and further cooled in a lower region of one or more means for providing heat exchange housed in said processing assembly, thereby forming a further cooled stream; -
(2) said further cooled stream is expanded to intermediate pressure whereby it is further cooled; (3) said expanded further cooled stream is supplied as a top feed to a mass transfer means housed in said processing assembly, said mass transfer means having a lower region and an upper region; (4) a distillation liquid stream is collected from the lower region of said mass transfer means and heated in said first means for providing heat and mass transfer, said first means for providing heat and mass transfer being configured to provide heat exchange between (a) said gas stream flowing through one pass of said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and (b) said distillation liquid stream flowing downward from said mass transfer means, so that said gas stream is cooled to form said cooled stream while heating said distillation liquid stream before it leaves said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
wherein as said distillation liquid stream is heated, a portion of it is vaporized to form stripping vapors that rise upward as remaining liquid continues flowing downward through said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer provides continuous contact between said stripping vapors and said remaining liquid so that said first means for providing heat and mass transfer also functions to provide mass transfer between vapor and liquid phases, stripping said remaining liquid of methane and lighter components; and
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer supplies at least a portion of the cooling of step (1) while simultaneously stripping the more volatile components from said remaining liquid stream, and thereafter discharging said heated and stripped remaining liquid from said processing assembly as said relatively less volatile fraction;
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer does not include external reboilers;(5) a first distillation vapor stream is collected from the upper region of said mass transfer means and combined with a vapor portion of said expanded further cooled stream to form a second distillation vapor stream; (6) said second distillation vapor stream is cooled in a second means for providing heat and mass transfer that is housed in said processing assembly, thereby condensing the less volatile components from said second distillation vapor stream and forming a condensed stream and a third distillation vapor stream;
wherein said second means for providing heat and mass transfer does not include external reflux equipment items;(7) at least a portion of said condensed stream is supplied as another top feed to said mass transfer means; (8) said relatively less volatile fraction is divided into at least first and second streams; (9) said second stream is cooled in an upper region of said one or more heat exchange means and thereafter expanded to lower pressure whereby it is further cooled; (10) said expanded cooled second stream is heated, in said second means for providing heat and mass transfer, said second means for providing heat and mass transfer being configured to provide heat exchange between (a) said second distillation vapor stream flowing upward through one pass of said second means for providing heat and mass transfer; and (b) said expanded cooled second stream flowing downward, so that said second distillation vapor stream is cooled while heating said expanded cooled second stream;
wherein as said second distillation vapor stream is cooled, a portion of said second distillation vapor stream is condensed and said condensed stream is thereby formed and falls downward while said third distillation vapor stream is also formed and flows upward through said second means for providing heat and mass transfer;
wherein said second means for providing heat and mass transfer provides continuous contact between said condensed stream and said third distillation vapor stream so that said second means for providing heat and mass transfer also functions to provide mass transfer between vapor and liquid phases, thereby providing rectification of said third distillation vapor stream; and
wherein said second means for providing heat and mass transfer supplies at least a portion of the cooling of step (6);(11) said third distillation vapor stream is heated in said lower region of said one or more means for providing heat exchange that is housed in said processing assembly, said one or more means for providing heat exchange being configured to provide heat exchange between (a) said cooled stream flowing through one pass in said lower region of said one or more heat exchange means, (b) said heated expanded cooled second stream flowing through another pass in said lower region of said one or more heat exchange means, and (c) said third distillation vapor stream arising from said second means for providing heat and mass transfer, so that said third distillation vapor stream is heated to form a partially heated third distillation vapor stream and said heated expanded cooled second stream is further heated while said cooled stream is further cooled; and
wherein said one or more means for providing heat exchange is further configured to provide heat exchange between(d) said second stream flowing through one pass in said upper region of said one or more heat exchange means, and (e) said partially heated third distillation vapor stream that has been heated in said lower region of said one or more means for providing heat exchange, wherein said second stream is cooled while further heating said partially heated third distillation vapor stream to form a heated third distillation vapor stream and wherein said one or more means for providing heat exchange supplies at least a portion of the cooling of steps (1) and (9), and thereafter discharging said heated third distillation vapor stream from said processing assembly as said volatile residue gas fraction;
wherein said one or more heat exchange means does not include external reflux equipment items; and(12) the quantities and temperatures of said feed streams to said mass transfer means are effective to maintain the temperature of said upper region of said mass transfer means at a temperature whereby the major portion of said carbon dioxide is recovered in said relatively less volatile fraction. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. An apparatus for the separation of a gas stream containing at least methane and carbon dioxide into a volatile residue gas fraction containing a major portion of said methane and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said carbon dioxide comprising
(1) first means for providing heat and mass transfer housed in a single equipment item processing assembly to cool said gas stream; -
(2) one or more means for providing heat exchange housed in said processing assembly and connected to said first means for providing heat and mass transfer to receive said cooled gas stream and further cool it, thereby forming a cooled stream; (3) first expansion means connected to said one or more means for providing heat exchange to receive said cooled stream and expand it to intermediate pressure; (4) mass transfer means housed in said processing assembly and connected to said first expansion means to receive said expanded cooled stream as a top feed thereto, said mass transfer means having a lower region and an upper region; (5) liquid collecting means housed in said processing assembly and connected to said mass transfer means to receive a distillation liquid stream from the lower region of said mass transfer means; (6) said first means for providing heat and mass transfer being further connected to said liquid collecting means to receive said distillation liquid stream and heat it, said first means for providing heat and mass transfer being configured to provide heat exchange between (a) said gas stream flowing through one pass of said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and (b) said distillation liquid stream flowing downward from said mass transfer means, so that said gas stream is cooled to form said cooled stream while heating said distillation liquid stream before it leaves said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
wherein as said distillation liquid stream is heated, a portion of it is vaporized to form stripping vapors that rise upward as remaining liquid continues flowing downward through said first means for providing heat and mass transfer; and
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer provides continuous contact between said stripping vapors and said remaining liquid so that said first means for providing heat and mass transfer also functions to provide mass transfer between vapor and liquid phases, stripping said remaining liquid of methane and lighter components; and
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer supplies at least a portion of the cooling of step (1) while simultaneously stripping the more volatile components from said remaining liquid stream, and thereafter discharging said heated and stripping remaining liquid from said processing assembly as said relatively less volatile fraction;
wherein said first means for providing heat and mass transfer does not include external reboilers;(7) vapor collecting means housed in said processing assembly and connected to said mass transfer means to receive a first distillation vapor stream from the upper region of said mass transfer means; (8) combining means connected to said vapor collecting means to receive said first distillation vapor stream and combine it with any vapor portion of said expanded cooled stream and form thereby a second distillation vapor stream; (9) second means for providing heat and mass transfer housed in said processing assembly and connected to said combining means to receive said second distillation vapor stream and cool it, thereby forming a condensed stream and a third distillation vapor stream; (10) said mass transfer means being further connected to said second means for providing heat and mass transfer to receive at least a portion of said condensed stream as another top feed thereto; (11) dividing means connected to said processing assembly to receive said relatively less volatile fraction and divide it into at least first and second streams; (12) said one or more means for providing heat exchange being connected to said dividing means to receive said second stream and cool it; (13) second expansion means connected to said one or more means for providing heat exchange means to receive said cooled second stream and expand it to lower pressure; (14) said second means for providing heat and mass transfer being further connected to said second expansion means to receive said expanded cooled second stream and heat it, thereby to supply at least a portion of the cooling of step (9);
said second means for providing heat and mass transfer being configured to provide heat exchange between(a) said second distillation vapor stream flowing upward through one pass of said second means for providing heat and mass transfer; and (b) said expanded cooled second stream flowing downward, so that said second distillation vapor stream is cooled while heating said expanded cooled second stream;
wherein as said second distillation vapor stream is cooled, a portion of said second distillation vapor steam is condensed and said condensed stream is thereby formed and falls downward while said third distillation vapor stream is also formed and flows upward through said second means for providing heat and mass transfer;
wherein said second means for providing heat and mass transfer provides continuous contact between said condensed stream and said third distillation vapor stream so that said second means for providing heat and mass transfer also functions to provide mass transfer between vapor and liquid phases, thereby providing rectification of said third distillation vapor stream;(15) said third distillation vapor stream is heated in a lower region of said one or more means for providing heat exchange that is housed in said processing assembly, said one or more means for providing heat exchange being configured to provide heat exchange between (a) said cooled stream flowing through one pass in said lower region of said one or more heat exchange means, (b) said heated expanded cooled second stream flowing through another pass in said lower region of said one or more heat exchange means, and (c) said third distillation vapor stream arising from said second means for providing heat and mass transfer, so that said third distillation vapor stream is heated to form a partially heated third distillation vapor stream and said heated expanded cooled second stream is further heated while said cooled stream is further cooled; and
wherein said one or more means for providing heat exchange is further configured to provide heat exchange between(d) said second stream flowing through one pass in an upper region of said one or more heat exchange means, and (e) said partially heated third distillation vapor stream that has been heated in said lower region of said one or more means for providing heat exchange, wherein said second stream is cooled while further heating said partially heated third distillation vapor stream to form a heated third distillation vapor stream and wherein said one or more means for providing heat exchange supplies at least a portion of the cooling of steps (1) and (12), and thereafter discharging said heated third distillation vapor stream from said processing assembly as said volatile residue gas fraction;
wherein said one or more heat exchange means does not include external reflux equipment items; and(16) control means adapted to regulate the quantities and temperatures of said feed streams to said upper region of said mass transfer means to maintain the temperature of said upper region of said mass transfer means at a temperature whereby the major portion of said carbon dioxide is recovered in said relatively less volatile fraction. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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Specification