Apparatus and method for verifying the identity of an author and a person receiving information

• US 9,946,930 B2
• Filed: 02/07/2017
• Issued: 04/17/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 06/11/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Jeffrey A. Matos
• Original Assignee: Jeffrey A. Matos
• Inventors: Matos, Jeffrey A.
• Primary Examiner(s): STREGE, JOHN B
• Application Number:
  US15/426,466
• Publication Number:
  US 20170243062A1
• Time in Patent Office: 434 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/00 Pattern recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/32 using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 50/265 Personal security, identity or safety
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/19 Sensors therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/193 Preprocessing; Feature extraction
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/197 Matching; Classification
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/40 Spoof detection, e.g. liveness detection
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 1/10 together with the recording, indicating or registering of other data, e.g. of signs of identity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/12 specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

Abstract

Apparatus for identifying a person who wishes to receive information, where identifying information for each of a plurality of registered individuals is stored in a database, calls for capturing images of an individual requesting information, and determining whether this individual is the same as one of the registered individuals. The stored identifying information includes images of a unique, observable biologic identifier on a body portion of each registered individual. The specificity of the identification process is enhanced by storing registered examples of altered biological information in the database, by allowing the information provider to induce an alteration in a biologic identifier of a requesting person at the time of the request, and by comparing the altered requesting person information to stored information. Further identification enhancement is obtained by rapidly altering the visual environment of the requesting person, and by providing the requested information to the retina of the requesting person.

Claims

1. A system for assessing the identity of a putative human individual at a given location and for providing information to a least one properly identified human individual, said system comprising:

(I) providing apparatus (“

PA”

) comprising, in combination;

(a) at least one electronic camera arranged to view an iris of an eye of a putative human individual (“

PHI”

), and operative to generate a camera signal representing images of a biologically unique feature of said iris;

(b) a projection device arranged to provide a light output which conveys message information to said eye, said projection device having a projection device input and operative to provide said light output in response to an inputted projection signal;

(c) a PA output device for providing an output signal representing said iris image information;

(d) a first PA input device for receiving at least one message information signal representing said message information and a prompt signal; and

(e) a PA processor coupled to each of said electronic camera, said projection device, said PA output device and said first PA input device, said PA processor operative to;

(1) receive said camera signal, produce said output signal; and

provide said output signal to said PA output device;

(2) receive said message information, produce a projection signal representing said message information and provide said signal to said projection device; and

(3) receive said prompt signal and provide said signal to said projection device;

wherein said camera device is arranged and operative to provide an image of said iris in sufficient detail to permit the identification of said PHI;

wherein said projection device light output provides a representation of said received message information;

wherein said prompt signal specifies a projection device output for altering a state of said iris; and

wherein said PA processor is further operative to cause said PA output device to provide at least one post-prompt iris image obtained from said camera following the application of said prompt; and

(II) identification apparatus (“

IA”

) for assessing the identity of said PHI, said IA comprising;

(a) a computer memory in which is stored

(1) data representing a plurality of images of a biologically unique feature of an iris of an eye of at least one registered human individual (“

RHI”

) who is allowed to receive said message information, wherein each of said images is acquired during a different state of said RHI iris, each said state influencing said image of said iris; and

(2) said message information;

(b) a first input device for receiving said output signal representing said PHI iris image information;

(c) an IA output device, operative to provide said at least one message information signal and said prompt signal to said first PA input device; and

(d) an IA processor, coupled to each of said computer memory, said first IA input device and said IA output device, said IA processor operative

(1) to receive said PHI iris image information;

(2) to produce said prompt signal and provide said signal to said IA output device; and

(3) to compare;

(A) data representing (i) said at least one image of said iris, and (ii) said at least one post-prompt image of said iris of said PHI received from said electronic camera of said PA, with

(B) said stored data representing said images of said iris of said RHI; and

(3) based on said comparison, to determine whether the received PHI image and post-prompt image data substantially matches stored RHI data pertaining to said registered individual; and

(4) upon the determination of said match, to obtain said message information from said memory and to cause said IA output device to provide said at least one message information signal;

whereby said eye of said PHI is both (i) the source of PHI identification information and (ii) the potential recipient of said message information;

whereby the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person who wishes to receive said message information is compared to the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person permitted to receive said message information;

thereby

to verify that the PHI is the same individual as one of said at least one RHI by assessing said PHI iris image data, or

to determine that the PHI is not the same individual as any one of said at least one RHI;

thereby to provide said message information only to a properly identified individual.

2. The system defined in claim 1, wherein (a) said IA further comprises a second IA input device, coupled to said IA processor, for inputting said message information;

and (b) said IA processor is further operative to provide said inputted message information to said computer memory.

3. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said IA further comprises a second IA input device, coupled to said IA processor, for inputting an IA message instruction command, and wherein said IA processor is further operative, upon receipt of said command, and upon determination of said match, to cause said IA output device to provide said at least one message information signal;

wherein said IA provides said message information following the occurrence of both of said command input and said match determination.

4. The system defined in claim 1, wherein

(a) said PA further comprises a second PA input device, coupled to said PA processor, for inputting a PA message information request;

(b) said PA processor is further operative to cause said PA output device to provide a signal representing said request to said first IA input device; and

(c) said IA processor is further operative, upon receipt of (i) said request and (ii) the iris image information of the PHI requesting said message information, and upon the determination of a match of said received PHI iris information and said stored RHI iris information, to cause said output device to provide said at least one message information signal.

5. The system defined in claim 1, wherein

(a) said electronic camera is further operative to repeatedly generate said camera signal, representing successive iris images, and said PA processor is further operative to repeatedly (i) obtain said image information (ii) provide successive image information signals, and (iii) cause said PA output device to provide said information signals to said first IA input device;

(b) said IA input device is further operative to provide said repeated signals to said IA processor; and

(c) said IA processor is further operative to

(1) repeatedly compare

(A) said received data representing said image of said PHI iris, with

(B) said stored data representing said at least one image of an iris of said RHI;

(2) continue to provide said message information upon the determination of said match; and

(3) halt the provision of said message information upon a determination of a non-match of said received PHI information and said stored RHI information;

thereby to halt the provision of a message in the event of a determination that the PHI iris information does not match any stored RBI information.

6. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said PA processor is further operative to produce said output signal representing information selected from the group consisting of (a) a representation containing an amount of information substantially similar to an amount of information contained in said camera signal, and (b) a representation containing an amount of information less than an amount of information contained in said camera signal.

7. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said PA processor is further operative to produce said output signal representing information selected from the group consisting of (a) a representation containing at least one mathematical transformation of the information contained in said camera signal, and (b) un-transformed information representing the information contained in said camera signal.

8. The system defined in claim 1, wherein

said IA processor is further operative to produce from said received PHI iris information, information selected from the group consisting of (a) a representation containing an amount of information substantially similar to an amount of information contained in said received PHI iris information, and (b) a representation containing an amount of information less than an amount of information contained in said received PHI iris information;

and to compare said selected information to said stored data.

9. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said IA processor is further operative to produce from said received PHI iris information, information selected from the group consisting of (a) a representation containing at least one mathematical transformation of the information contained in said received PHI iris information, and (b) un-transformed information representing the information contained in said received PHI iris information.

10. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said projection device is selected from the group consisting of (a) a laser, and (b) a non-laser light source;

having a light output, said projection device responsive to said projection signal to provide said message information.

11. The system defined in claim 1, further comprising a projection orientation device, coupled to said projection device, and to said PA processor, for orienting an axis of said light output;

wherein

(a) said PA processor is further operative to provide an orientation signal for orienting said projection orientation device; and

(b) in response to the receipt of said orientation signal, said orientation device alters the spatial axis of said light output;

whereby said light output impinges on said iris at the axis determined by said orientation signal.

12. The system defined in claim 11, wherein said projection orientation device comprises at least one actuator mechanically coupled to said projection orientation device and electrically coupled to said PA processor, for causing a motion of said orientation device in response to said orientation signal.

13. The system defined in claim 11, wherein said projection orientation device comprises at least one field generating device coupled to said PA processor, said field selected from the group consisting of an electric field and a magnetic field, said field produced in response to at least one field control signal provided by said PA processor;

wherein said field generating device is arranged to cause the generation of said field to control said axis.

14. The system defined in claim 1 further comprising a focusing device, coupled to said PA processor, for focusing said light output, thereby to optimize the viewing by said eye of information represented by said light output.

15. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said PA output device is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a transmitting device operative to transmit an electromagnetic output signal representing said iris image information; and

(b) electrical connecting means operative to provide an electrical output signal representing said iris image information via said connecting means.

16. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said first PA input device is selected from the group consisting of

(a) a receiving device operative to receive each of (i) an electromagnetic message information signal representing said message information, and (ii) an electromagnetic prompt signal;

and

(b) electrical connecting means operative to receive each of (i) an electrical message information signal representing said message information, and (ii) an electrical prompt signal.

17. The system defined in claim 1, wherein

said projection device is further operative to produce a light prompt for projection onto said PHI eye in response to said prompt signal, for inducing at least one anatomic change in said iris eye of said PHI.

18. The system defined in claim 17, wherein

(a) said plurality of stored RHI images comprises images obtained under different lighting conditions for each RHI iris;

and

(b) said projection device is configured to provide a quantity of light in response to said prompt signal sufficient to alter an opening size of said PHI iris;

whereby said IA processor is operative to induce said at least one anatomic change in said PHI iris and to compare the data representing an image of the post-prompt PHI iris with stored data representing RHI images, to further assess the identity of said PHI.

19. The system defined in claim 18, wherein said IA processor is further operative to assess whether received data representing an image of said PHI iris under a given lighting condition corresponds to data representing a stored image of the iris of a RHI for a similar lighting condition;

thereby to determine if the observed anatomic change is appropriate for the lighting condition.

20. The system defined in claim 17, wherein said IA processor is operative to cause PA processor to cause said projection device to vary the amount of light produced by said prompt;

thereby to determine if any lighting condition causes the PHI image to match a RHI image.

21. The system defined in claim 17, wherein said IA processor is further operative to generate data representing calculated RHI images from data representing at least one of said stored RHI images, and to compare said received data representing said PHI image with both said stored and said calculated RHI image data.

22. The system defined in claim 17, wherein said IA processor is operative to cause said PA processor to alter the duration of illumination provided by said projection device.

23. The system defined in claim 17, wherein

(a) said IA processor is further operative to determine a time of IA provision of said prompt signal,

(b) said PA processor is further operative to indicate a time at which data representing said PHI image is obtained, and

(c) said IA processor is further operative to determine whether said received post-prompt PHI image information is temporally consistent with a response to a prompt delivered at said time of provision.

24. The system defined in claim 1, wherein

said projection device is further operative to produce a voluntary prompt message in response to said prompt signal, said voluntary prompt message requesting a specific action by said PHI expected to result in an alteration in the camera image of said eye.

25. The system defined in claim 1, wherein

said projection device further comprises a prompt producing device, coupled to said PA processor, operative to produce a light prompt in response to said prompt signal, for inducing at least one anatomic change in said iris of said PHI.

26. The system defined in claim 17, wherein said projection device is further operative to provide light for illumination of said eye, said illumination light having at least one wavelength selected from the group (a) wavelength corresponding to visible light, and (b) wavelength corresponding to infrared light, and wherein said IA processor is further operative to control the provision of said illumination light.

27. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said projection device further comprises a prompt producing device coupled to said PA processor, for communicating to said PHI a request to perform an action expected to result in a voluntary anatomic change in said image of said iris,

wherein said prompt producing device produces a prompt message in response to said prompt signal received from said PA processor;

thereby to prompt an action under the conscious control of said PHI.

28. The system defined in claim 1, further comprising a housing to which each of said electronic camera and said projection device are mechanically attached.

29. The system defined in claim 1, wherein

(a) said IA processor is further operative to generate an outgoing representation of code information for transmission to said projection device and for storage in said computer memory;

(b) said projection device is further operative to provide a light signal representing said outgoing representation of code information received from said PA processor for projection onto a reflective surface of said eye;

(c) said camera is arranged to view said PHI such that said image includes a composite of both (i) said iris of said PHI; and

(ii) a reflected image from said surface of said PHI eye, of said projected light signal representing said outgoing representation of said code;

(d) said PA processor is further operative to provide said composite image to said IA processor;

(e) said IA processor is further operative to receive said composite image representing both (i) an incoming representation of said code, and (ii) a representation of said iris;

(f) said IA processor is further operative to compare information contained in said outgoing representation of said code with information contained in said incoming representation of said code; and

(g) said IA processor is further operative to generate said message information signal upon comparison of stored and incoming iris and code information indicating matching results.

35. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said IA input device is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a receiving device operative to receive an electromagnetic output signal representing said iris image information; and

(b) electrical connecting means operative to receive an electrical output signal representing said iris image information via said connecting means.

36. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said IA output device is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a transmitting device operative to transmit each of (i) at least one electromagnetic message information signal representing said message information, and (ii) an electromagnetic prompt signal; and

(b) electrical connecting means operative to provide (i) at least one electrical message information signal representing said message information, and (ii) an electrical prompt signal.

37. The system defined in claim 1 further comprising a communications system, wherein said communications system is operative to:

(a) receive said output signal and provide a signal representing said iris information to said first IA input device,

(b) receive said at least one message information signal and provide said message information to said first PA input device, and

(C) receive said prompt signal and provide information represented by said prompt signal to said first PA input device.

30. Apparatus for assessing the identity of a putative human individual at a given location and for providing information to a least one properly identified human individual, said apparatus comprising, in combination:

(a) at least one electronic camera arranged to view an iris of an eye of a putative human individual (“

PHI”

), and operative to generate a camera signal representing images of a biologically unique feature of said iris;

(b) a projection device arranged to provide a light output which conveys message information to said eye, said projection device having a projection device input and operative to provide said light output in response to an inputted projection signal;

(c) a computer memory in which is stored

(1) data representing (i) a plurality of images of a biologically unique feature of an iris of an eye of at least one registered human individual (“

RHI”

) who is allowed to receive said message information, wherein each of said images is acquired during a different state of said RHI iris, each said state influencing said image of said iris; and

(2) said message information;

(d) a processor coupled to each of said electronic camera, said projection device, and said computer memory, said processor operative;

(1) to produce a prompt signal specifying a projection device output for altering a state of said iris, and provide said signal to said projection device;

(2) to receive and process said camera signal representing (i) said at least one image of said iris, and (ii) a least one post-prompt image of said iris of said PHI, obtained from said camera following the application of a prompt specified by said prompt signal;

(3) to compare;

(A) said data representing each of (i) said at least one image of said iris of said PHI, and (ii) said at least one post-prompt image of said iris of said PHI, with

(B) said stored data representing said images of said iris of said RHI; and

(3) based on said comparison, to determine whether the received PHI data substantially matches stored RIB data pertaining to said registered individual;

(4) upon the determination of said match, to obtain said message information from said computer memory, to produce said projection signal representing said message information and to provide said signal to said projection device;

wherein said camera device is arranged and operative to provide images of said iris in sufficient detail to permit the identification of said PHI;

whereby the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person who wishes to receive said message information is compared to the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person permitted to receive said message information;

whereby said eye of said PHI is both (i) the source of PHI identification information and (ii) the potential recipient of said message information;

thereby

to verify that the PHI is the same individual as one of said at least one RHI by assessing said PHI iris image data, or

to determine that the PHI is not the same individual as any one of said at least one RHI; and

to provide said message information only to a who is determined to be a RHI.

31. Apparatus for assessing the identity of a putative human individual at a given location and for providing information to a least one properly identified human individual, said providing apparatus (“

PA”

) comprising, in combination;

(a) laser apparatus

(i) arranged to survey an eye of a putative human individual (“

PHI”

); and

operative to generate a laser survey signal representing images of an iris of said eye;

(ii) operative and arranged to provide a light output which conveys message information to said eye, said laser apparatus having a projection input and operative to provide said light output in response to an inputted projection signal; and

(iii) operative and arranged to provide a prompt output in response to a received prompt signal, for altering a state of said iris;

(b) a PA output device for providing an output signal representing said iris image information;

(c) a PA input device for receiving (i) at least one message information signal representing said message information and (ii) said prompt signal; and

(d) a PA processor coupled to each of said laser apparatus said PA output device and said PA input device;

said PA processor operative to;

(1) receive said laser survey signal, produce an output signal representing said iris image information; and

provide said output signal to said PA output device;

(2) receive said message information, produce a projection signal representing said message information and provide said signal to said laser apparatus;

(3) receive said prompt signal and provide said signal to said laser apparatus;

wherein said laser apparatus is arranged and operative to provide an image of said iris in sufficient detail to permit the identification of said PHI;

wherein said laser apparatus light output provides a representation of said received message information;

wherein said prompt signal specifies a laser apparatus output for altering a state of said iris;

wherein said PA processor is further operative to cause said PA output device to provide at least one post-prompt iris image obtained from said laser apparatus following the application of said prompt; and

whereby said eye of said PHI is both (i) the source of PHI identification information and (ii) the potential recipient of said message information.

32. A system comprising the PA recited in claim 31 and further comprising identification apparatus (“

IA”

) for assessing the identity of said PHI, said IA comprising;

(a) a computer memory in which is stored

(i) data representing a plurality of images of a biologically unique feature of an iris of an eye of at least one registered human individual (“

RHI”

) who is allowed to receive said message information, wherein each of said images is acquired during a different state of said RHI iris, each said state influencing said image of said iris; and

(ii) said message information;

(b) an IA input device for receiving said output signal representing said PHI iris image information;

(c) an IA output device, operative to provide said at least one message information signal and said prompt signal to said PA input device; and

(d) an IA processor, coupled to each of said computer memory, said IA input device and said IA output device, said IA processor operative

(1) to receive said PHI iris image information;

(2) to produce said prompt signal and provide said signal to said IA output device; and

(3) to compare;

(A) data representing said at least one image of said iris, and (ii) said at least one post-prompt image of said iris of said PHI received from said PA, with

(B) said stored data representing said images of said eye of said RHI;

(3) based on said comparison, to determine whether the received PHI image and post-prompt image data substantially matches stored RHI data pertaining to said registered individual; and

(4) upon the determination of said match, to obtain said message information from said memory and to cause said IA output device to provide said at least one message information signal;

whereby the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person who wishes to receive said message information is compared to the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person permitted to receive said message information;

thereby

to verify that the PHI is the same individual as one of said at least one RHI by assessing said PHI iris image data, or

to determine that the PHI is not the same individual as any one of said at least one RHI.

33. The system defined in claim 31, wherein said laser apparatus comprises at least one laser operative and arranged to provide each of said light output and said prompt output.

34. The system defined in claim 31, wherein said laser apparatus comprises at least one laser and a prompt producing device for providing said prompt output.

38. A system for assessing the identity of a putative human individual at a given location and for providing information to a least one properly identified human individual, said system comprising:

(I) providing apparatus (“

PA”

) comprising, in combination;

(a) at least one electronic camera arranged to view both an iris of an eye of a putative human individual (“

PHI”

) and a code image reflected from said eye, and operative to generate a camera signal representing at least one composite image, each composite image including each of said iris and said code image;

(b) a projection device arranged to provide a light output which conveys (i) message information to a pupil of said eye, and (ii) a representation of generated code information to a reflective surface of said eye;

said projection device having a projection device input and operative to provide said light output in response to an inputted projection signal,

wherein said code image is a reflection of said light conveying said representation of generated code information;

(c) a PA output device for providing an output signal representing said composite image information;

(d) a PA input device for receiving (1) at least one message information signal representing said message information and (2) a code signal specifying generated code information; and

(e) a PA processor coupled to each of said electronic camera, said projection device, said PA output device and said PA input device, said PA processor operative to;

(1) receive said camera signal, produce said output signal representing said camera signal; and

provide said output signal to said PA output device; and

(2) receive said message information and said code signal, produce a projection signal representing said message information and said generated code information, and provide said projection signal to said projection device;

(II) identification apparatus (“

IA”

) for assessing the identity of said PHI, said IA comprising;

(a) a computer memory in which is stored

(1) data representing at least one image of a biologically unique feature of an iris of an eye of at least one registered human individual (“

RHI”

) who is allowed to receive said message information;

(2) said message information; and

(3) said generated code information;

(b) an IA input device for receiving said output signal;

(c) an IA output device, operative to provide said at least one message information signal and said code signal to said PA input device; and

(d) an IA processor, coupled to each of said computer memory;

said IA input device and said IA output device, said IA processor operative

(1) to generate code information, to store said generated code information in said computer memory, to generate said code signal specifying said generated code information; and

to provide said code signal to said IA output device;

(2) to receive said output signal representing said composite image information;

(3) to compare;

(A) a representation of said iris of said PHI specified by said received composite image information, with

(B) said stored data representing said at least one image of said iris of said RHI;

(4) to compare;

(A) a representation of said code information specified by said received composite image information, with

(B) said stored generated code information; and

(5) based on said comparisons, to determine (A) whether the received PHI iris data substantially matches the stored RHI iris data pertaining to said registered individual; and

(B) whether the received representation of said code information substantially matches the stored generated code information; and

(6) upon the determination of both of said matches, to obtain said message information from said memory and to cause said IA output device to provide said at least one message information signal;

whereby said eye of said PHI is (i) the source of PHI identification information, (ii) the recipient of a representation of said generated code information and the source of said code image, and (iii) the potential recipient of said message information;

whereby each of (A) code information returned from said PA and (B) the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person who wishes to receive said message information is compared, respectively, to (C) code information generated at said IA and (D) the biologic information pertaining to the iris of a person permitted to receive said message information; and

said message information is provided only upon the determination of both said code and said iris matches.

39. The system defined in claim 38, wherein

(a) said IA processor is further operative to repeatedly generate changing additional code information, to store said generated changing additional code information (“

GCACI”

) in said computer memory, and to generate additional code signals (“

ACSs”

), each signal specifying changed additional generated code information;

(b) said IA output device is further operative to provide said ACSs to said PA input device;

(c) said PA input device is further operative to provide said ACSs to said PA processor;

(d) said PA processor is further operative to repeatedly receive said message information and said ACSs, and to produce repeated additional projection signals;

each said signal representing said message information and said GCACI, and provide said repeated additional projection signals to said projection device;

(e) said projection device further conveys (i) message information to a pupil of said eye, and (ii) successive representations of said GCACI to said reflective surface of said eye;

(f) said at least one electronic camera is further operative to repeatedly generate additional camera signals representing successive composite images, each composite image including said iris and an additional code image, wherein each additional code image is a reflection of said light conveying one of said successive representations of said GCACI;

(g) said PA processor is further operative to repeatedly (i) obtain said composite image information (ii) provide successive output signals reflecting said repeatedly changing composite images, and (iii) cause said PA output device to repeatedly provide said changing output signals to said IA input device;

(h) said IA input device is further operative to provide said repeated output signals to said IA processor; and

(i) said IA processor is further operative to

(1) receive said repeated output signals, each representing one of said successive composite images;

(2) repeatedly compare

(A) a representation of said GCACI specified by one of said received successive composite images, with

(B) respective stored GCACI;

(3) repeatedly compare said stored and said received iris information;

(4) based on said comparisons, to determine (A) whether each received representation of said GCACI substantially matches the respective stored GCACI; and

(B) whether the received PHI iris data substantially matches the stored RHI iris data pertaining to said RHI; and

;

(5) continue to provide said message information upon the determination of both of said matches; and

(6) halt the provision of said message information upon a determination of a non-match of either said GCACI or said iris information.

40. The system defined in claim 38 further comprising a communications system, wherein said communications system is operative to:

(a) receive said output signal from said PA output device and provide a signal representing said composite information to said IA input device; and

(b) receive said at least one message information signal and said code signal from said IA output device, and provide the information represented by said signals to said PA input device.

41. The system defined in claim 38, wherein

(a) each of said PA output device and said IA input device comprise electrical connecting means operative to provide said output signal from said PA output device to said IA input device;

and

(b) each of said IA output device and said PA input device comprise electrical connecting means operative to provide said at least one message information signal and said code signal from said IA output device to said PA input device.