Heating system and battery system

• US 9,947,974 B2
• Filed: 07/03/2014
• Issued: 04/17/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 07/03/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Minamiura, Keiichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Arun
• Application Number:
  US14/902,240
• Publication Number:
  US 20160149275A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,384 Days
• Field of Search: 320107
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/24 Alkaline accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/30 Nickel accumulators H01M10/34 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/443 in response to temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/445 in response to gas pressure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/486 for measuring temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/615 Heating or keeping warm
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/625 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/663 the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/30 Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00719 in response to degree of gas development in the battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007194 of the battery
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A heating system includes: an alkaline secondary battery and a controller. The alkaline secondary battery includes: a power generating element configured to be charged or discharged; and a battery case that accommodates the power generating element in a hermetically sealed state. The controller is configured to control charging and discharging of the alkaline secondary battery, and, when an internal pressure of the alkaline secondary battery is higher than or equal to a first threshold, execute a heating process for heating the alkaline secondary battery by decreasing the internal pressure through discharging of the alkaline secondary battery. The heating process is a process of raising a temperature of the alkaline secondary battery.

Claims

1. A heating system comprising:

an alkaline secondary battery including a power generating element configured to be charged or discharged and a battery case that accommodates the power generating element in a hermetically sealed state; and

a controller configured to control charging and discharging of the alkaline secondary battery and, when an internal pressure of the alkaline secondary battery is higher than or equal to a first threshold, execute a heating process for heating the alkaline secondary battery by decreasing the internal pressure through discharging of the alkaline secondary battery, the heating process raising a temperature of the alkaline secondary battery, wherein

when the heating process is executed and the internal pressure is lower than or equal to a second threshold lower than the first threshold, the controller is configured to raise the internal pressure by charging the alkaline secondary battery.

2. The heating system according to claim 1, wherein

when the heating process is executed, the controller is configured to vary the internal pressure between the first threshold and the second threshold by alternately executing a process of raising the internal pressure and a process of decreasing the internal pressure.

3. The heating system according to claim 1 wherein

the controller is configured to control charging and discharging of the alkaline secondary battery such that an SOC of the alkaline secondary battery varies along with a target SOC, the controller is further configured to set a first SOC corresponding to the first threshold for the target SOC when the internal pressure is raised and set a second SOC corresponding to the second threshold for the target SOC when the internal pressure is decreased, and the second SOC is a value lower than the first SOC.

4. The heating system according to claim 3, wherein

the first SOC is higher than a target SOC that is preset at the time when the heating process is not executed, and the second SOC is lower than the target SOC that is preset at the time when the heating process is not executed.

5. The heating system according to claim 4, wherein

the controller is configured to control charging of the alkaline secondary battery such that the SOC of the alkaline secondary battery varies within a range lower than or equal to an upper limit SOC, and the controller is further configured to raise the upper limit SOC above the upper limit SOC that is set at the time when the heating process is not executed, when the first SOC is set.

6. The heating system according to claim 4, wherein

the controller is configured to control charging of the alkaline secondary battery such that an electric power that is input to the alkaline secondary battery varies within a range lower than or equal to an upper limit electric power that is set on the basis of the temperature of the alkaline secondary battery, and the controller is further configured to raise the upper limit electric power above the upper limit electric power that is set at the time when the heating process is not executed, when the first SOC is set.

7. The heating system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to change at least one of the first threshold and the second threshold.

8. The heating system according to claim 1, wherein

the heating system is mounted on a vehicle including an engine, and the controller is configured to raise the internal pressure by charging the alkaline secondary battery by using an output of the engine when the following a) and b) are satisfied,

a) a passenger compartment of the vehicle is heated by using coolant that cools the engine, and

b) the engine is driven until the temperature of the coolant becomes higher than or equal to a reference temperature.

9. The heating system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the alkaline secondary battery, wherein

the controller is configured to execute the heating process when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a predetermined temperature.

10. The heating system according to claim 9, further comprising:

a current sensor configured to detect a current value of the alkaline secondary battery, wherein

the controller is configured to estimate the internal pressure on the basis of the oxygen pressure that is estimated on the basis of an equilibrium hydrogen pressure inside the alkaline secondary battery and an amount of increase in oxygen gas and an amount of reduction in the oxygen gas inside the alkaline secondary battery,

the controller is configured to calculate the equilibrium hydrogen pressure on the basis of the temperature of the alkaline secondary battery,

the controller is configured to calculate the amount of increase in the oxygen gas on the basis of the current value of the alkaline secondary battery when the alkaline secondary battery is charged, and

the controller is configured to calculate the amount of reduction in the oxygen gas on the basis of the temperature of the alkaline secondary battery.

11. The heating system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a temperature sensor configured to detect the temperature of the alkaline secondary battery; and

a current sensor configured to detect a current value of the alkaline secondary battery, wherein

the controller is configured to estimate the internal pressure on the basis of the oxygen pressure that is estimated on the basis of an equilibrium hydrogen pressure inside the alkaline secondary battery and an amount of increase in oxygen gas and an amount of reduction in the oxygen gas inside the alkaline secondary battery,

the controller is configured to calculate the equilibrium hydrogen pressure on the basis of the temperature of the alkaline secondary battery,

the controller is configured to calculate the amount of increase in the oxygen gas is calculated on the basis of the current value of the alkaline secondary battery when the alkaline secondary battery is charged, and

the controller is configured to calculate the amount of reduction in the oxygen gas on the basis of the temperature of the alkaline secondary battery.

12. A battery system comprising:

an alkaline secondary battery;

a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the alkaline secondary battery; and

a controller configured to execute a first process at least once when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a predetermined temperature, the first process being a process of decreasing an internal pressure of the alkaline secondary battery,

wherein the controller is configured to alternately execute the first process and a second process multiple times when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a predetermined temperature, the second process being a process of raising the internal pressure of the alkaline secondary battery.

13. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein

the controller is configured to execute the second process and then execute the first process when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a predetermined temperature.

14. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein

when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller is configured to execute the first process after the internal pressure of the alkaline secondary battery has reached a first threshold and execute the second process after the internal pressure of the alkaline secondary battery has reached a second threshold, the first threshold being higher than the second threshold.

15. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein

the controller is configured to execute the first process by discharging the alkaline secondary battery.

16. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein

the controller is configured to execute the second process by charging the alkaline secondary battery.

17. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein

when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor becomes higher than a predetermined temperature, the controller is configured to stop at least the first process.

18. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein

the controller is configured to control an SOC of the alkaline secondary battery and execute the first process by setting a target SOC of the alkaline secondary battery to a first target SOC, the first target SOC being lower than the target SOC at the time when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature.

19. The battery system according to claim 18, wherein

when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor becomes higher than a predetermined temperature, the controller is configured to set the target SOC of the alkaline secondary battery to a predetermined target SOC.

20. The battery system according to claim 18, wherein

the battery system is mounted on a vehicle including an engine, and the controller is configured to set the target SOC of the alkaline secondary battery to the first target SOC when the engine is being driven.

21. The battery system according to claim 20, wherein

the controller is configured to charge the alkaline secondary battery by driving the engine when the temperature of coolant of the engine is lower than a reference temperature.

22. The battery system according to claim 21, wherein

the vehicle includes an air conditioner, and

the controller is configured to charge the alkaline secondary battery by driving the engine when the air conditioner is set in a heating mode and the temperature of the coolant of the engine is lower than the reference temperature.

23. The battery system according to claim 21, wherein

the controller is configured to intermittently drive the engine when the temperature of the coolant of the engine is higher than the reference temperature.

24. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein

the controller is configured to control an SOC of the alkaline secondary battery and execute the second process by setting a target SOC of the alkaline secondary battery to a second target SOC, the second target SOC being higher than the target SOC at the time when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature.