Depressible keys with decoupled electrical and mechanical functionality

• US 9,952,682 B2
• Filed: 04/15/2015
• Issued: 04/24/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Zhang, Chang, Qu, Dayu, Chang, Ray L., Camp, John S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Azari, Sepehr
• Application Number:
  US14/687,743
• Publication Number:
  US 20160306437A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,105 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/1662 Details related to the integrated keyboard
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0202 Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the input device

Abstract

Systems and methods for decoupling the electrical and mechanical functionality of a depressible key are disclosed. The depressible key can include a non-contact proximity sensor, such as an optical sensor, to detect motion of the keycap. The output from the optical sensor is used to determine a distance, velocity, acceleration, and a force applied during a keypress.

Claims

1. A keyboard comprising:

a plurality of keys, including at least one key comprising;

a keycap comprising an optically reflective bottom surface;

a travel mechanism coupled to an underside of the keycap; and

a non-contact proximity sensor comprising;

a light emitter oriented to emit light toward the reflective bottom surface; and

a light detector oriented to receive light reflected from the reflective bottom surface; and

a keyboard controller coupled to the non-contact proximity sensor, the keyboard controller configured to;

measure changes in distance between the keycap and the non-contact proximity sensor based on the received light; and

determine an amount of force exerted on the keycap based on a rate of change of the measured changes in distance between the keycap and the non-contact proximity sensor, wherein

the light emitter emits visible light if the keycap is to be illuminated or invisible light if the keycap is not to be illuminated.

2. The keyboard of claim 1, wherein the light emitter is configured to emit light in the infrared spectrum.

3. The keyboard of claim 1, wherein the light emitter is configured to emit light in the visible spectrum.

4. The keyboard of claim 3, wherein the light emitter is configured to emit white light of selectable brightness.

5. The keyboard of claim 1, wherein the light emitter is configured to emit light in the infrared spectrum and light in the visible spectrum.

6. The keyboard of claim 1, wherein the light detector is configured to generate an electrical signal in response to receiving infrared light.

7. The keyboard of claim 1, wherein:

the light detector is configured to generate an electrical signal indicating the changes in distance between the light emitter and the light detector in response to receiving visible light; and

the keyboard controller is further configured to receive the electrical signal from the light detector.

8. The keyboard of claim 7, wherein the keyboard controller is configured to determine the amount of force applied to the keycap based on a second order rate of change in the electrical signal.

9. The keyboard of claim 7, wherein the keyboard controller is configured to determine the rate of change by analyzing the electrical signal.

10. The keyboard of claim 7, wherein the keyboard controller is configured to measure the change in distance between the keycap and the non-contact proximity sensor based on a change in magnitude of the electrical signal.

11. The keyboard of claim 1, wherein the non-contact proximity sensor further comprises:

a first light guide associated with a first of the plurality of keys;

a second light guide associated with a second of the plurality of keys; and

a multiplexor configured to selectively couple the light detector with the first light guide or the second light guide such that the light detector receives light reflected from a respective reflective bottom surface.

12. A depressible key comprising:

a keycap comprising an optically reflective bottom surface;

a travel mechanism coupled to an underside of the keycap;

a tactile feedback structure configured to collapse in response to a force applied to the keycap; and

an optical sensor comprising;

a light emitter positioned below the keycap and oriented to emit light toward the reflective bottom surface; and

a light detector positioned below the keycap and oriented to receive light reflected from the reflective bottom surface and measure distances of travel of the keycap; and

a controller coupled to the optical sensor and configured to;

determine whether to illuminate the keycap;

cause the light emitter to emit visible light if the keycap is to be illuminated;

cause the light emitter to emit invisible light if the keycap is not to be illuminated; and

determine an amount of force exerted on the keycap based on a rate of change of the measured distances of travel of the keycap.

13. The depressible key of claim 12, wherein the optically reflective bottom surface comprises a polished metal material.

14. The depressible key of claim 12, wherein:

the travel mechanism is aligned to the geometric center of the keycap; and

the tactile feedback structure is nested within the travel mechanism.

15. The depressible key of claim 12, wherein the light emitter comprises a light emitting diode.

16. The depressible key of claim 12, wherein the light detector comprises a photodiode.

17. A method of detecting a press of a depressible key, comprising:

illuminating an underside of a keycap with a wavelength of light, the wavelength of light comprising a visible wavelength of light if the keycap is to be illuminated or an invisible wavelength of light if the keycap is not to be illuminated;

receiving an electrical signal corresponding to an amplitude of light reflected from the underside of the keycap;

determining distances of travel of the keycap based on the electrical signal;

determining at least one of a velocity, an acceleration, or an amount of force of the keycap based on a rate of change of the determined distances of travel; and

reporting a press of the key if the distance of travel of the keycap passes a first threshold and the at least one of the velocity, the acceleration, or the amount of force of the keycap passes a second threshold.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein if the distance of travel of the keycap passes the first threshold and the amount of force of the keycap passes the second threshold, reporting the press of the key.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

determining a force applied to the keycap based on a second order rate of change of the electrical signal.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the selected wavelength of light is infrared.