Fast decoding of data stored in a flash memory

• US 9,954,558 B1
• Filed: 03/03/2016
• Issued: 04/24/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/03/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP PTE Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Steiner, Avi, Segal, Avigdor, Weingarten, Hanan
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Steve
• Application Number:
  US15/059,397
• Time in Patent Office: 782 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1012 using codes or arrangements adapted for a specific type of error G06F11/1048 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 11/5642 Sensing or reading circuits; Data output circuits
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 16/26 Sensing or reading circuits; Data output circuits
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/00 Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/52 Protection of memory contents; Detection of errors in memory contents
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/152 Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2918 with error correction codes in three or more dimensions, e.g. 3-dimensional product code where the bits are arranged in a cube
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2927 Decoding strategies
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/3784 for soft-output decoding of block codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/45 Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information H03M13/41 takes precedence

Abstract

A method for fast decoding, the method may include (a) performing a hard read of a group of flash memory cells to provide hard read data; wherein the group of flash memory cells store a codeword that comprises component codes of multiple dimensions; (b) hard decoding the hard read data to provide a hard decoding result; wherein the hard decoding result comprises first suggested values of component codes of at least one dimension of the multiple dimensions; (c) performing at least one additional read attempt of the group of flash memory cells to provide additional data; (d) performing a partial extensiveness soft decoding the additional data, in response to the first suggested values, to provide a soft decoding result; and (e) wherein the soft decoding result comprises second suggested values of component codes of one or more dimensions of the multiple dimensions.

Claims

1. A method for fast decoding, the method comprising:

performing a hard read of a group of flash memory cells to provide hard read data;

wherein the group of flash memory cells store a codeword that comprises component codes of multiple dimensions;

wherein the group of flash memory cells have a threshold voltage distribution with a number of levels that is based on a storage capacity each cell in the group of flash memory cells;

wherein the performing the hard read includes reading with threshold voltages, each threshold voltage being between two respective levels in the threshold voltage distribution;

hard decoding the hard read data to provide a hard decoding result;

wherein the hard decoding result comprises first suggested values of component codes of at least one dimension of the multiple dimensions, wherein the hard decoding result includes unreliable component code solutions that do not exceed a reliability threshold;

performing at least one additional read attempt of the group of flash memory cells to provide additional data, wherein the performing the at least one additional read attempt includes reading with sampling thresholds around centers of at least one of the threshold voltages;

performing, subsequent to the performing the at least one additional read attempt and in response to the first suggested values, at least one sub-iteration of soft decoding of the additional data to provide a soft decoding result, wherein the at least one sub-iteration of soft decoding includes soft decoding fewer than all of the unreliable component code solutions; and

wherein the soft decoding result comprises second suggested values of component codes of one or more dimensions of the multiple dimensions.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

processing the hard read data to generate soft information; and

evaluating the hard decoding result using the soft information before performing the at least one sub-iteration of soft decoding.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing the at least one additional read attempt provides the additional data with 2 bit resolution.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing the at least one additional read attempt provides the additional data with 1.5-bit resolution.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing the at least one sub-iteration of soft decoding comprises performing a single sub-iteration of soft decoding.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing the at least one sub-iteration of soft decoding comprises soft decoding up to a predefined number of unreliable component codes solutions, wherein the unreliable component codes solutions are below a reliability threshold.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing the at least one sub-iteration of soft decoding comprises evaluating up to a predefined number of hypotheses related to a content of an unreliable component code solution, wherein the unreliable component code solution is below a reliability threshold.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a number of the sampling thresholds is three.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a number of the sampling thresholds is four.

10. A method for fast decoding, the method comprises:

performing a hard read of a group of flash memory cells to provide hard read data;

wherein the group of flash memory cells store a codeword that comprises component codes of multiple dimensions;

wherein the group of flash memory cells have a threshold voltage distribution with a number of levels that is based on a storage capacity each cell in the group of flash memory cells;

wherein the performing the hard read includes reading with threshold voltages, each threshold voltage being between two respective levels in the threshold voltage distribution;

performing a first hard decoding of the hard read data to provide a hard decoding result;

wherein the hard decoding result comprises initial suggested values of component codes of the multiple dimensions;

determining whether the hard decoding failed based on whether or not the initial suggested values exceed a first reliability threshold;

performing, when the first hard decoding fails, at least one read additional attempt to provide additional read results;

wherein the at least one additional read attempt includes reading with sampling thresholds around centers of at least one of the threshold voltages;

performing a second hard decoding of the hard data and the additional read results to provide first suggested values of component codes of a first dimension of the multiple dimensions;

searching for reliable and unreliable first suggested values, wherein each reliable first suggested value has a reliability that exceeds a predefined first reliability threshold;

wherein each unreliable first suggested value does not exceed the predefined first reliability threshold;

performing, subsequent to the performing the at least one additional read attempt and in response to the unreliable first suggested values, a first partial-extensiveness-soft decoding of the unreliable first suggested values to provide first partial-extensiveness soft decoding results;

wherein the first partial-extensiveness soft decoding includes soft decoding fewer than all of the unreliable first suggested values;

performing a third hard decoding of the first partial-extensiveness soft decoding results to provide second suggested values of code components of a second dimension of the multiple dimensions;

wherein the second suggested values include values that do not exceed a second reliability threshold;

searching for reliable and unreliable second suggested values;

wherein each reliable second suggested value exceeds a predefined second reliability threshold, and each unreliable second suggested value does not exceed the predefined second reliability threshold; and

performing a second partial-extensiveness soft decoding of the unreliable second suggested values to provide additional partial-extensiveness soft decoding results;

wherein the second partial-extensiveness soft decoding includes soft decoding fewer than all of the unreliable second suggested values.

11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:

processing the hard read data to generate soft information; and

evaluating the hard decoding result using the soft information before performing the first partial-extensiveness soft decoding.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the performing the at least one additional read attempt provides the additional read results with 2 bit resolution.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the performing the at least one additional read attempt provides the additional read results with 1.5-bit resolution.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second the partial-extensiveness soft decoding comprises performing a single sub-iteration of soft decoding.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second the partial-extensiveness soft decoding comprises evaluating up to a predefined number of hypotheses related to a content of an unreliable component code solution.

16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the performing of at least one of the second and third hard decoding comprises performing one or more iterations of hard decoding related to different dimensions while decoding progress is made and a number of iterations does not exceed a predefined iteration threshold.

17. A non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions that once executed by a memory controller cause the memory controller to execute the steps of:

performing a hard read of a group of flash memory cells to provide hard read data;

wherein the group of flash memory cells store a codeword that comprises component codes of multiple dimensions;

wherein the group of flash memory cells have a threshold voltage distribution with a number of levels that is based on a storage capacity each cell in the group of flash memory cells;

wherein the performing the hard read includes reading with threshold voltages, each threshold voltage being between two respective levels in the threshold voltage distribution;

performing a first hard decoding of the hard read data to provide a hard decoding result;

wherein the hard decoding result comprises initial suggested values of component codes of the multiple dimensions;

determining whether the hard decoding failed based on whether or not the initial suggested values exceed a first reliability threshold;

performing, when the first hard decoding fails, at least one read additional attempt to provide additional read results;

wherein the at least one additional read attempt includes reading with sampling thresholds around centers of at least one of the threshold voltages;

performing a second hard decoding of the hard data and the additional read results to provide first suggested values of component codes of a first dimension of the multiple dimensions;

searching for reliable and unreliable first suggested values, wherein each reliable first suggested value has a reliability that exceeds a predefined first reliability threshold;

wherein each unreliable first suggested value does not exceed the predefined first reliability threshold;

performing, subsequent to the performing the at least one additional read attempt and in response to the unreliable first suggested values, a first partial-extensiveness-soft decoding of the unreliable first suggested values to provide first partial-extensiveness soft decoding results;

wherein the first partial-extensiveness soft decoding includes soft decoding fewer than all of the unreliable first suggested values;

performing a third hard decoding of the first partial-extensiveness soft decoding results to provide second suggested values of code components of a second dimension of the multiple dimensions;

wherein the second suggested values include values that do not exceed a second reliability threshold;

searching for reliable and unreliable second suggested values;

wherein each reliable second suggested value exceeds a predefined second reliability threshold, and each unreliable second suggested value does not exceed the predefined second reliability threshold; and

performing a second partial-extensiveness soft decoding of the unreliable second suggested values to provide additional partial-extensiveness soft decoding results;

wherein the second partial-extensiveness soft decoding includes soft decoding fewer than all of the unreliable second suggested values.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 17, further comprising instructions for:

processing the hard read data to generate soft information; and

evaluating the hard decoding result using the soft information before performing the first partial-extensiveness soft decoding.

19. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 17, wherein at least one of the first and second partial-extensiveness soft decoding comprises performing a single sub-iteration of soft decoding.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 17, wherein a number of the sampling thresholds is three or four.