Reforming with oxygen-enriched matter

• US 9,968,906 B2
• Filed: 06/01/2015
• Issued: 05/15/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: US Department of The Army (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army (Government of the United States of America)
• Inventors: DuBois, Terry
• Primary Examiner(s): Akram, Imran
• Application Number:
  US14/726,809
• Publication Number:
  US 20160346755A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,079 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/007 in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0013 Controlling the temperature of the process
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/24 Stationary reactors without moving elements inside B01J19/08, B01J19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles B01J8/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00063 of the reactants
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00065 Pressure measurement
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00069 Flow rate measurement
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00087 with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00117 with two or more reactions in heat exchange with each other, such as an endothermic reaction in heat exchange with an exothermic reaction
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00159 controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/24 Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/0251 by making use of membranes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0227 containing a catalytic reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/38 using catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 15/02 electric

Abstract

Various embodiments that pertain to oxygen enrichment are described. Oxygen enrichment is shown to allow for independent control of both reformer residence time and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio during reforming. This allows for much better control over the reformer and for significant gains in reformer through-put without negative impacts to reformer performance. Additionally, the use of oxygen enriched reforming is shown to result in enhanced reformer performance, reduced degradation from catalyst poisons (carbon formation and sulfur) and enhanced fuel cell stack performance due to greatly increased hydrogen concentration in the reformate.

Claims

1. A system, comprising a controller, the controller is programmed to:

cause, through management of a valve, an air to enter a separator at a flow rate, to separate the air into outputs of an oxygen-enriched portion and a nitrogen-enriched portion,

cause the reformer to achieve a desired residence time for a chemical reaction of a first quantity of a fuel with the oxygen-enriched portion, and

cause the reformer to achieve a desired operation temperature with the oxygen-enriched portion and a second quantity of the fuel,

where the reformer is configured to produce an energy from the chemical reaction between the first quantity of the fuel and the oxygen-enriched portion;

where the reformer is configured to achieve the desired operation temperature through use of the air and a third quantity of the fuel,

where the first quantity of the fuel is smaller than the third quantity of the fuel such that more of the fuel is dedicated to the chemical reaction,

where the energy is a first energy,

where the reformer is configured to produce a second energy from the air and a fourth quantity of the fuel,

where the fourth quantity of the fuel plus the third quantity of the fuel equals the first quantity of the fuel plus the second quantity of the fuel, and

where the first energy is greater than the second energy.

2. The system of claim 1,

where the chemical reaction produces at least a carbon monoxide and a hydrogen gas.

3. The system of claim 1,

where the reformer employing the oxygen-enriched portion, in comparison to the air, results in an increase in hydrogen gas concentration within the reformer and downstream of the reformer.

4. The system of claim 1,

where the reformer employing the oxygen-enriched portion, in comparison to the air, results in an increase in carbon monoxide concentration within the reformer and downstream of the reformer.

5. A system, comprising:

a first controller component programmed to regulate a flow rate of an air into a separator that separates the air into outputs of an oxygen-enriched portion and a nitrogen-enriched portion;

a second controller component programmed to regulate a flow rate of a fuel into a reformer that is configured to produce an energy from at least the fuel that is received at the flow rate of the fuel and the oxygen-enriched portion that is the output of the separator; and

where a determination is made if the operation of the reformer is at a desirable temperature,

where if the determination is that the operation of the reformer is not at the desirable temperature, then the operation of the regulator is changed as a result from a change by the first controller component in the flow rate of the air, a change by the second controller component in the flow rate of the fuel, or a combination thereof,

where the reformer is configured such that within the reformer the fuel and the oxygen-enriched portion react over a first reaction time to produce a first amount of a catalyst-detrimental element,

where the reformer is configured such that within the reformer the fuel and the air react over a second reaction time to produce a second amount of the catalyst-detrimental element,

where the first reaction time is longer than the second reaction time, and

where the first amount of the catalyst-detrimental element is less than the second amount of the catalyst-detrimental element.