Device and method for estimating remaining battery capacity

• US 9,977,087 B2
• Filed: 02/05/2015
• Issued: 05/22/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
• Original Assignee: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
• Inventors: Wada, Toshihiro, Fukumoto, Hisatoshi, Nishiguchi, Hiroto
• Primary Examiner(s): PATIDAR, JAY M
• Application Number:
  US15/305,284
• Publication Number:
  US 20170038431A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,202 Days
• Field of Search: 324426
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/165 Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/36 Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/367 Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

This invention is concerning a device including a current calculator that calculates remaining capacity difference current on the basis of a first remaining battery capacity reflected on open-circuit voltage of a battery and a second remaining battery capacity not reflected on the open-circuit voltage, a first remaining capacity estimator that estimates the first remaining battery capacity on the basis of a value produced by removing the remaining capacity difference current from the current value of the battery and the inter-terminal voltage of the battery, a second remaining capacity calculator that calculates the second remaining battery capacity by adding up the remaining capacity difference current, and an adder that obtains a remaining battery capacity of the battery by adding the estimate of the first remaining battery capacity and the calculation value of the second remaining battery capacity. The current calculator calculates the remaining capacity difference current so that the first remaining battery capacity and the second remaining battery capacity have a prescribed potential difference.

Claims

1. A remaining battery capacity estimating device for estimating a remaining battery capacity from inter-terminal voltage of a battery and current passed through the battery, comprising:

a current measuring unit that measures the current;

a voltage measuring unit that measures the inter-terminal voltage;

a first remaining capacity storage that stores a first remaining battery capacity as a remaining battery capacity correlated with open-circuit voltage of the battery;

a second remaining capacity storage that stores a second remaining battery capacity produced by subtracting the first remaining battery capacity from the remaining battery capacity that increases and decreases by the current;

a current calculator that calculates remaining capacity difference current between the first remaining battery capacity and the second remaining battery capacity;

a first remaining capacity estimator that estimates the first remaining battery capacity on the basis of a value obtained by removing the remaining capacity difference current from the current and the inter-terminal voltage and has the estimate stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

a second remaining capacity calculator that calculates the second remaining battery capacity by adding up the remaining capacity difference current and has the result stored in the second remaining capacity storage; and

an adder that obtains the remaining battery capacity by adding the first remaining battery capacity and the second remaining battery capacity,

wherein the remaining capacity difference current of the current calculator being, when the battery is charged, a current value that allows the second remaining battery capacity to be smaller than the first remaining battery capacity by a quantity corresponding to a first potential difference as a potential difference during battery charging, and

the remaining capacity difference current of the current calculator being, when the battery is discharged, a current value that allows the first remaining battery capacity to be smaller than the second remaining battery capacity by a quantity corresponding to a second potential difference as a potential difference during battery discharging.

2. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 1, wherein the current calculator comprises:

a first function calculator that calculates a first electro-chemical potential corresponding to a first remaining capacity from the estimate of the first remaining battery capacity stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

a second function calculator that calculates a second electro-chemical potential corresponding to a second remaining battery capacity from the second remaining battery capacity stored in the second remaining capacity storage;

a first difference calculator that calculates a difference between the first electro-chemical potential and the second electro-chemical potential as a difference value;

a forward reaction rate calculator that calculates a forward reaction rate by a first exponential function defined by the difference value and the first potential difference;

a reverse reaction rate calculator that calculates a reverse reaction rate by a second exponential function defined by the difference value and the second potential difference; and

a second difference calculator that produces, as a reaction rate difference, a difference between the forward reaction rate and the reverse reaction rate and obtains the produced reaction rate difference as the remaining capacity difference current.

3. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 2, comprising:

an overvoltage storage that stores overvoltage of the battery;

a first remaining capacity predictor that predicts a first remaining battery capacity at a present sampling time by integrating a value produced by subtracting the remaining capacity difference current from the current measured by the current measuring unit with respect to an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at a preceding sampling time stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

an overvoltage predictor that predicts overvoltage of the battery from the current measured by the current measuring unit;

an open-circuit voltage calculator that calculates open-circuit voltage of the battery from the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor;

an adder that adds the battery overvoltage predicted by the overvoltage predictor and the battery open-circuit voltage calculated by the open-circuit voltage calculator;

a difference calculator that calculates a difference between the voltage value obtained by the addition by the adder and the inter-terminal voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit;

a correction amount calculator that calculates correction amounts for the overvoltage and the first remaining battery capacity from the voltage difference value calculated by the difference calculator; and

an overvoltage estimator that calculates an estimate of overvoltage at a present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of overvoltage at the present sampling time predicted by the overvoltage predictor with the correction amount for the overvoltage calculated by the correction amount calculator, and has the estimate stored in the overvoltage storage,

wherein the first remaining capacity estimator calculating an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor with the correction amount for the first remaining battery capacity calculated by the correction amount calculator, and having the estimate stored in the first remaining capacity storage.

4. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 1, wherein the current calculator further comprises:

a first function calculator that calculates a first electro-chemical potential corresponding to a first remaining capacity from the first remaining battery capacity stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

a second function calculator that calculates a second electro-chemical potential corresponding to a second remaining capacity from the second remaining battery capacity stored in the second remaining capacity storage;

a first partial differential calculator that calculates a first partial differential coefficient, related to the first remaining battery capacity, for the first electro-chemical potential from the first remaining battery capacity stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

a second partial differential calculator that calculates a second partial differential coefficient, related to the second remaining battery capacity, for the second electro-chemical potential from the second remaining battery capacity stored in the second remaining capacity storage;

an adder that adds the first partial differential coefficient and the second partial differential coefficient;

a divider that divides the first partial differential coefficient by the sum calculated by the adder;

a multiplier that multiplies the current measured by the current measuring unit by the division value calculated by the divider; and

a selector that selects zero for the remaining capacity difference current when the first electro-chemical potential is smaller than a value produced by adding the first potential difference to the second electro-chemical potential and greater than a value produced by subtracting the second potential difference from the second electro-chemical potential, or otherwise selects the multiplication value calculated by the multiplier for the remaining capacity difference value.

5. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 4, wherein the current calculator further comprises:

a difference calculator that calculates a difference between the first electro-chemical potential and the second electro-chemical potential as a difference value, and

the selector selects zero for the remaining capacity difference current when the difference value is greater than a value produced by making the second potential difference negative and smaller than the first potential difference and selects the multiplication value calculated by the multiplier for the remaining capacity difference current when the difference value is equal to or less than the value produced by making the second potential difference negative or equal to or more than the first potential difference.

6. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 5, comprising:

an overvoltage storage that stores overvoltage of the battery;

a first remaining capacity predictor that predicts a first remaining battery capacity at a present sampling time by integrating a value produced by subtracting the remaining capacity difference current from the current measured by the current measuring unit with respect to an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at a preceding sampling time stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

an overvoltage predictor that predicts overvoltage of the battery from the current measured by the current measuring unit;

an open-circuit voltage calculator that calculates open-circuit voltage of the battery from the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor;

an adder that adds the battery overvoltage predicted by the overvoltage predictor and the battery open-circuit voltage calculated by the open-circuit voltage calculator;

a difference calculator that calculates a difference between the voltage value obtained by the addition by the adder and the inter-terminal voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit;

a correction amount calculator that calculates correction amounts for the overvoltage and the first remaining battery capacity from the voltage difference value calculated by the difference calculator; and

an overvoltage estimator that calculates an estimate of overvoltage at a present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of overvoltage at the present sampling time predicted by the overvoltage predictor with the correction amount for the overvoltage calculated by the correction amount calculator, and has the estimate stored in the overvoltage storage,

wherein the first remaining capacity estimator calculating an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor with the correction amount for the first remaining battery capacity calculated by the correction amount calculator, and having the estimate stored in the first remaining capacity storage.

7. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 4, wherein the current calculator further comprises:

a first subtracter that produces a first comparison value by multiplying the second remaining battery capacity stored in the second remaining capacity storage by a prescribed first coefficient, adding a prescribed second coefficient to the result, and subtracting the result from the first remaining battery capacity stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

a second subtracter that produces a second comparison value by multiplying the second remaining battery capacity stored in the second remaining capacity storage by a prescribed third coefficient, adding a prescribed fourth coefficient to the result, and subtracting the result from the first remaining battery capacity stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

a first comparator that compares whether the first comparison value is less than zero; and

a second comparator that compares whether the second comparison value exceeds zero,

wherein the selector selects zero for the remaining capacity difference current when the first comparator determines that the first comparison value is less than zero and the second comparator determines that the second comparison value exceeds zero and selects the division value calculated by the divider for the remaining capacity difference current when the first comparator determines that the first comparison value is not less than zero or the second comparator determines that the second comparison value does not exceed zero.

8. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 7, comprising:

an overvoltage storage that stores overvoltage of the battery;

a first remaining capacity predictor that predicts a first remaining battery capacity at a present sampling time by integrating a value produced by subtracting the remaining capacity difference current from the current measured by the current measuring unit with respect to an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at a preceding sampling time stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

an overvoltage predictor that predicts overvoltage of the battery from the current measured by the current measuring unit;

an open-circuit voltage calculator that calculates open-circuit voltage of the battery from the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor;

an adder that adds the battery overvoltage predicted by the overvoltage predictor and the battery open-circuit voltage calculated by the open-circuit voltage calculator;

a difference calculator that calculates a difference between the voltage value obtained by the addition by the adder and the inter-terminal voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit;

a correction amount calculator that calculates correction amounts for the overvoltage and the first remaining battery capacity from the voltage difference value calculated by the difference calculator; and

an overvoltage estimator that calculates an estimate of overvoltage at a present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of overvoltage at the present sampling time predicted by the overvoltage predictor with the correction amount for the overvoltage calculated by the correction amount calculator, and has the estimate stored in the overvoltage storage,

wherein the first remaining capacity estimator calculating an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor with the correction amount for the first remaining battery capacity calculated by the correction amount calculator, and having the estimate stored in the first remaining capacity storage.

9. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 4, comprising:

an overvoltage storage that stores overvoltage of the battery;

a first remaining capacity predictor that predicts a first remaining battery capacity at a present sampling time by integrating a value produced by subtracting the remaining capacity difference current from the current measured by the current measuring unit with respect to an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at a preceding sampling time stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

an overvoltage predictor that predicts overvoltage of the battery from the current measured by the current measuring unit;

an open-circuit voltage calculator that calculates open-circuit voltage of the battery from the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor;

an adder that adds the battery overvoltage predicted by the overvoltage predictor and the battery open-circuit voltage calculated by the open-circuit voltage calculator;

a difference calculator that calculates a difference between the voltage value obtained by the addition by the adder and the inter-terminal voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit;

a correction amount calculator that calculates correction amounts for the overvoltage and the first remaining battery capacity from the voltage difference value calculated by the difference calculator; and

an overvoltage estimator that calculates an estimate of overvoltage at a present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of overvoltage at the present sampling time predicted by the overvoltage predictor with the correction amount for the overvoltage calculated by the correction amount calculator, and has the estimate stored in the overvoltage storage,

wherein the first remaining capacity estimator calculating an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor with the correction amount for the first remaining battery capacity calculated by the correction amount calculator, and having the estimate stored in the first remaining capacity storage.

10. The remaining battery capacity estimating device of claim 1, comprising:

an overvoltage storage that stores overvoltage of the battery;

a first remaining capacity predictor that predicts a first remaining battery capacity at a present sampling time by integrating a value produced by subtracting the remaining capacity difference current from the current measured by the current measuring unit with respect to an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at a preceding sampling time stored in the first remaining capacity storage;

an overvoltage predictor that predicts overvoltage of the battery from the current measured by the current measuring unit;

an open-circuit voltage calculator that calculates open-circuit voltage of the battery from the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor;

an adder that adds the battery overvoltage predicted by the overvoltage predictor and the battery open-circuit voltage calculated by the open-circuit voltage calculator;

a difference calculator that calculates a difference between the voltage value obtained by the addition by the adder and the inter-terminal voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit;

a correction amount calculator that calculates correction amounts for the overvoltage and the first remaining battery capacity from the voltage difference value calculated by the difference calculator; and

an overvoltage estimator that calculates an estimate of overvoltage at a present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of overvoltage at the present sampling time predicted by the overvoltage predictor with the correction amount for the overvoltage calculated by the correction amount calculator, and has the estimate stored in the overvoltage storage,

wherein the first remaining capacity estimator calculating an estimate of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time by correcting the predictive value of the first remaining battery capacity at the present sampling time predicted by the first remaining capacity predictor with the correction amount for the first remaining battery capacity calculated by the correction amount calculator, and having the estimate stored in the first remaining capacity storage.

11. A method for estimating a remaining battery capacity from inter-terminal voltage of a battery and current passed through the battery, comprising:

a current calculating step of calculating remaining capacity difference current between a first remaining battery capacity and a second remaining battery capacity, the first remaining battery capacity being a remaining battery capacity correlated with open-circuit voltage of the battery, the second remaining battery capacity being obtained by subtracting the first remaining battery capacity from the remaining battery capacity that increases and decreases by the current measured by a current measuring unit;

a first remaining capacity estimating step of estimating the first remaining battery capacity on the basis of a value obtained by removing the remaining capacity difference current from the current and the inter-terminal voltage and having the estimate stored in a first remaining capacity storage;

a second remaining capacity calculating step of calculating the second remaining battery capacity by adding up the remaining capacity difference current and having the result stored in a second remaining capacity storage; and

an addition step of obtaining the remaining battery capacity by adding the first remaining battery capacity and the second remaining battery capacity,

wherein the remaining capacity difference current calculated in the current calculating step being, when the battery is charged, a current value that allows the second remaining battery capacity to be smaller than the first remaining battery capacity by a quantity corresponding to a first potential difference as a potential difference during battery changing, and, when the battery is discharged, a current value that allows the first remaining battery capacity to be smaller than the second remaining battery capacity by a quantity corresponding to a second potential difference as a potential difference during battery discharging.