Multi-input or multi-output energy system architectures and control methods

• US 9,977,452 B2
• Filed: 03/05/2015
• Issued: 05/22/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Alabama (University of Alabama System)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Alabama (University of Alabama System)
• Inventors: Abu Qahouq, Jaber A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zweizig, Jeffrey
• Application Number:
  US14/639,616
• Publication Number:
  US 20150270709A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,174 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/67 to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/02021 for solar cells electrical connection means, e.g. junction boxes, specially adapted for structural association with photovoltaic modules H02S40/34
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/108 using diodes blocking reverse current flow H02J1/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/26 involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources maximum power point systems in particular G05F1/67
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0063 with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007182 in response to battery voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

Systems and methods for efficiently controlling energy sources are disclosed. In one example, a system for processing and storing energy may include a plurality of cells that store energy and a plurality of power switches coupled to the cells. The system may also include an inductor coupled to the power switches and a controller, wherein the controller controls the power switches to transfer the energy to a load.

Claims

1. A system for processing or storing energy, comprising:

a plurality of cells that provide energy;

a plurality of power switches coupled respectively to each of the plurality of cells;

a single inductor coupled to the plurality of power switches and in series with a load;

a load power switch located between the inductor and the load;

an output capacitor connected in parallel to the load and located between the load power switch and the load;

a controller, wherein the controller controls the plurality of power switches and the load power switch to transfer the energy to the load.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller has multiple inputs.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller senses current, voltage and/or power output using the sensor for a first one of the plurality of cells and adjusts a duration that the power switch coupled to the first one of the plurality of cells remains open.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of cells are solar panel cells.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein:

each of the plurality of cells include solar panel cells, and

the power switches are coupled to each of the solar panels including the solar panel cells.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of cells are battery cells.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of cells comprise an antenna, an impedance matching circuit, and a rectification circuit for recovering RF energy, magnetic energy, or other types of wireless energy, wherein the recovered wireless energy is conveyed to the power switches via the impedance matching and rectification circuits.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller causes each of the plurality of power switches to be sequentially switched on and off, with each of the plurality of power switches in an on state for an equivalent duration of time, and wherein the controller further causes the load power switch to switch on and off a plurality of times during the equivalent duration of time when each of the plurality of power switches are in its respective on state.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller causes a second of the plurality of power switches to switch to its on state before a first of the plurality of power switches switches to its off state.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller causes a first of the plurality of power switches to switch to its off state before a second of the plurality of power switches switches to its on state.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller causes the load power switch to switch on and off with an on state for a duration of time that is not equivalent for each of the plurality of times the load power switch switches on and off during the equivalent duration of time when each of the plurality of power switches are in its respective on state.

13. A method for processing or storing energy, comprising:

a plurality of cells; and

controlling, using a plurality of power switches coupled respectively to each of the plurality of cells, a single inductor coupled to the power switches and in series with a load, a load power switch located between the inductor and the load, and an output capacitor connected in parallel to the load and located between the load power switch and the load, transfer of energy from the plurality of cells to the load.

14. The method of claim 13, further including:

sensing, using a sensor, the power output for a first one of the plurality of cells; and

adjusting a duration that the power switch coupled to the first one of the plurality of cells remains open.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of cells are solar panel cells.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein:

the plurality of cells include solar panel cells, and

the power switches are coupled to solar panels, each of the solar panels including the solar panel cells.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of cells are battery cells.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein at least one of the plurality of cells comprise an antenna, an impedance matching network, and a rectification circuit and the method further includes:

recovering RF energy, magnetic energy or other form of wireless energy using the antenna, the impedance matching network, and the rectification circuit,

wherein the recovered wireless energy is conveyed to the power switches via the impedance matching and rectification circuits.

19. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform a method for processing and storing energy, the method comprising:

a plurality of cells; and

controlling, using a plurality of power switches coupled respectively to each of the plurality of cells, a single inductor coupled to the power switches and in series with a load, a load power switch located between the inductor and the load, and an output capacitor connected in parallel to the load and located between the load power switch and the load, transfer of energy from the plurality of cells to the load.

20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, further including instructions that:

sense, using a sensor, the power output for a first one of the plurality of cells; and

adjust a duration that the power switch coupled to the first one of the plurality of cells remains open.

21. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the plurality of cells are solar panel cells.

22. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein:

the plurality of cells include solar panel cells, and

the power switches are coupled to solar panels, each of the solar panels including the solar panel cells.

23. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the plurality of cells are battery cells.

24. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein at least one of the plurality of cells comprise an antenna, an impedance matching network, and a rectification circuit and the method further includes instructions which, when executed by the processor:

recover RF energy or other form of wireless energy using the antenna, the impedance matching network, and the rectification circuit,

wherein the recovered wireless energy is conveyed to the power switches via the impedance matching and rectification circuits.