Devices and techniques for detecting magnetic resonance imaging field

• US 9,981,124 B2
• Filed: 04/26/2012
• Issued: 05/29/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/26/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Jenison, Troy A., McClure, Larry C., Stancer, Christopher C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Moher, Amanda Lauritzen
• Assistant Examiner(s): KINNARD, LISA M
• Application Number:
  US13/456,891
• Publication Number:
  US 20130289384A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,224 Days
• Field of Search: 600411
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36142 for improving safety
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3706 Pacemaker parameters stimulation threshold A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3718 Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37211 Means for communicating with stimulators
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/288 Provisions within MR facilities for enhancing safety during MR, e.g. reduction of the specific absorption rate [SAR], detection of ferromagnetic objects in the scanner room

Abstract

A device includes a housing configured to be implanted in a patient. The device also includes a first magnetic field direction sensor located at a first location within the housing and configured to generate a signal representative of a first direction of a magnetic field at the first location, a second magnetic field direction sensor located at a second location within the housing and configured to generate a signal representative of a second direction of the magnetic field at the second location, and a magnetic field strength sensor configured to generate a signal representative of a strength of the magnetic field. The device further includes a control module configured to identify a source of the magnetic field based on at least one of the signal representative of the strength of the magnetic field and the signals representative of the first and second directions of the magnetic field.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

a housing configured to be implanted in a patient;

a first magnetic field direction sensor located at a first location within the housing and configured to generate a signal representative of a first direction of a magnetic field at the first location;

a second magnetic field direction sensor located at a second location within the housing and configured to generate a signal representative of a second direction of the magnetic field at the second location;

a magnetic field strength sensor configured to generate a signal representative of a strength of the magnetic field; and

a processor configured to identify a source of the magnetic field as being a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device based on the signal representative of the strength of the magnetic field and a difference between the signal representative of the first direction of the magnetic field at the first location and the signal representative of the second direction of the magnetic field at the second location,

wherein the processor is configured to operate in an MRI mode in response to identifying the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:

compare the strength of the magnetic field to a strength threshold;

operate in a magnet mode in response to the magnitude of the magnetic field exceeding the strength threshold;

compare the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction to a divergence threshold; and

transition to the MRI mode when the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction is less than the divergence threshold.

3. The device of claim 1,

further comprising a third magnetic field direction sensor located at a third location within the housing and configured to generate a signal representative of a third direction of the magnetic field at the third location,

wherein the processor is configured to:

determine a first absolute difference between the first and second directions;

determine a second absolute difference between the first and third directions;

determine a third absolute difference between the second and third directions;

compare each of the absolute differences to a divergence threshold;

identify the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when any of the absolute differences are greater than or equal to the divergence threshold; and

identify the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when none of the absolute differences are greater than or equal to the divergence threshold and the strength of the magnetic field is greater than a strength threshold.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and second magnetic field direction sensors generate a signal representative of an angle of the magnetic field relative to a fixed direction.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine an absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction and identify the source of the magnetic field as being the MRI device based on at least the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to:

determine a strength of the magnetic field based on the signal generated by the magnetic field strength sensor;

compare the strength of the magnetic field to a strength threshold;

compare the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction to a divergence threshold;

identify the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold and the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction is less than the divergence threshold.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to power up the first and second magnetic field direction sensors in response to the strength of the magnetic field exceeding the strength threshold.

8. The device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to identify the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold and the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to operate in a telemetry head mode in response to identifying the source of the magnetic field as the handheld magnetic device.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:

determine a strength of the magnetic field based on the signal generated by the magnetic field strength sensor;

compare the strength of the magnetic field to an upper strength threshold; and

identify the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the upper strength threshold.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the upper threshold value is greater than 100 milli-Tesla (mT).

12. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to:

determine an absolute difference between the first and second directions when the strength of the magnetic field is not greater than the upper strength threshold;

compare the absolute difference to a divergence threshold;

identify the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the absolute difference is less than the divergence threshold; and

identify the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the absolute difference is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

13. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to:

provide power to the magnetic field strength sensor and inhibit power delivery to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors when the strength of the magnetic field is less than a lower strength threshold; and

provide power to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the lower strength threshold.

14. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to:

provide power to the magnetic field strength sensor and inhibit power delivery to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors when the strength of the magnetic field is less than a lower strength threshold; and

provide power to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the lower strength threshold and less than the upper strength threshold.

15. A method comprising:

obtaining a signal representative of a first direction of a magnetic field at a first location within an implantable medical system;

obtaining a signal representative of a second direction of a magnetic field at a second location within the implantable medical system;

obtaining a signal representative of a strength of the magnetic field;

identifying a source of the magnetic field as being a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device based on the signal representative of the strength of the magnetic field and a difference between the signal representative of the first direction of the magnetic field at the first location and the signal representative of the second direction of the magnetic field at the second location; and

transitioning operation of the implantable medical system to an MRI mode in response to identifying the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising selectively providing power to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors based on the signal generated by the magnetic field strength sensor such that power delivery is inhibited to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors when a strength of the magnetic field is less than a strength threshold and power is delivered to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

obtaining a signal representative of a third direction of the magnetic field at the third location within the implantable medical system;

wherein identifying a source of the magnetic field comprises;

comparing a strength of the magnetic field to a strength threshold;

determining a first absolute difference between the first and second directions;

determining a second absolute difference between the first and third directions;

determining a third absolute difference between the second and third directions;

comparing each of the absolute differences to a divergence threshold;

identifying the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when a strength of the magnetic field exceeds a strength threshold and any of the absolute differences is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold; and

identifying the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field exceeds the strength threshold and none of the absolute differences are greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein identifying a source of the magnetic field comprises:

determining an absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction;

determining a strength of the magnetic field;

comparing the strength of the magnetic field to a strength threshold;

comparing the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction to a divergence threshold;

identifying the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold and the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction is less than the divergence threshold; and

identifying the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold and the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

operating the implantable medical system in a telemetry head mode in response to identifying the source of the magnetic field as the handheld magnetic device.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein identifying a source of the magnetic field comprises:

determining a strength of the magnetic field based on the signal generated by the magnetic field strength sensor;

comparing the strength of the magnetic field to an upper strength threshold; and

identifying the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than or equal to the upper strength threshold.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein identifying a source of the magnetic field comprises:

comparing the strength of the magnetic field to a lower strength threshold;

determining an absolute difference between the first and second directions when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than or equal to the lower strength threshold and less than the upper strength threshold;

comparing the absolute difference to a divergence threshold;

identifying the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the absolute difference is less than the divergence threshold; and

identifying the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the absolute difference is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

22. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a programmable processor to:

obtain a signal representative of a first direction of a magnetic field at a first location within an implantable medical system;

obtain a signal representative of a second direction of a magnetic field at a second location within the implantable medical system;

obtain a signal representative of a strength of the magnetic field;

identify a source of the magnetic field as being a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device based on the signal representative of the strength of the magnetic field and a difference between the signal representative of the first direction of the magnetic field at the first location and the signal representative of the second direction of the magnetic field at the second location; and

operate the implantable medical system in a MRI mode in response to identifying the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device.

23. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, further comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the programmable processor to selectively provide power to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors based on the signal generated by the magnetic field strength sensor such that power delivery is inhibited to the first and second magnetic field direction sensors when a strength of the magnetic field is less than a strength threshold and power is delivered to the first and second magnetic field sensors when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold.

24. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions that cause the programmable processor to identify a source of the magnetic field comprise instructions to:

determine a strength of the magnetic field based on the signal generated by the magnetic field strength sensor;

compare the strength of the magnetic field to a lower strength threshold and an upper strength threshold;

identify the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than or equal to the upper strength threshold;

determine an absolute difference between the first and second directions when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than or equal to the lower strength threshold and less than the upper strength threshold;

compare the absolute difference to a divergence threshold;

identify the source of the magnetic field as the primary magnet of the MRI device when the absolute difference is less than the divergence threshold; and

identify the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the absolute difference is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

25. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, further comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to obtain a signal representative of a third direction of the magnetic field at the third location within the implantable medical system, wherein instruction to identify the source of the magnetic field comprise instructions that, when executed cause the processor to:

compare a strength of the magnetic field to a strength threshold;

determine a first absolute difference between the first and second directions;

determine a second absolute difference between the first and third directions;

determine a third absolute difference between the second and third directions;

compare each of the absolute differences to a divergence threshold;

identify the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when a strength of the magnetic field exceeds a strength threshold and any of the absolute differences is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold; and

identify the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field exceeds the strength threshold and none of the absolute differences are greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

26. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions that cause the programmable processor to identify a source of the magnetic field comprise instructions to:

determine an absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction;

determine a strength of the magnetic field;

compare the strength of the magnetic field to a strength threshold;

compare the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction to a divergence threshold;

identify the source of the magnetic field as the MRI device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold and the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction is less than the divergence threshold; and

identify the source of the magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the strength of the magnetic field is greater than the strength threshold and the absolute difference between the first direction and the second direction is greater than or equal to the divergence threshold.

27. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, further comprising instruction that, when executed, cause the processor to:

operate the implantable medical system in a telemetry head mode in response to identifying the source of the magnetic field as the handheld magnetic device.