State of charge estimation device and method of estimating state of charge

• US 9,983,270 B2
• Filed: 04/01/2014
• Issued: 05/29/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/03/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GS Yuasa International Ltd. (GS Yuasa Corporation)
• Original Assignee: GS Yuasa International Ltd. (GS Yuasa Corporation)
• Inventors: Sejima, Kenichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Breene, John
• Assistant Examiner(s): Morgan, Jeffrey C
• Application Number:
  US14/242,341
• Publication Number:
  US 20140303914A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,519 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3646 for indicating electrical conditions or variables, e.g. visual or audible indicators
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/367 Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3828 using current integration
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/396 Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery

Abstract

The state of charge (SOC) estimation device includes a memory and a controller component. The memory stores data on a first correlation between an elapsed time and an estimation error in SOC estimation. The controller component executes a first estimation process and a second estimation process. The first estimation process is for estimating a first SOC and a first estimation error of the electric storage device in a non-charge/discharge state based on a terminal voltage and the elapsed time. The second estimation process is for estimating a second SOC and a second estimation error of the electric storage device in a charge/discharge state based on an accumulated charge/discharge current. The controller component calculates a total error from the first estimation error and the second estimation error. The controller component estimates the first estimation error when the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than a reference time.

Claims

1. A state of charge estimation device for estimating a state of charge of an electric storage device, the state of charge estimation device comprising:

a memory storing data on a first correlation between an elapsed time since an end of charge/discharge of the electric storage device and an estimation error in estimation of the state of charge; and

a controller component configured to execute a first estimation process and a second estimation process repeatedly,

the first estimation process being for estimating a first state of charge based on a terminal voltage of the electric storage device when the elapsed time since the end of charge/discharge of the electric storage device reaches a reference time and for determining a first estimation error of the electric storage device in the first state of charge based on the first correlation and the elapsed time,

the second estimation process being for estimating a second state of charge based on an accumulated charge/discharge current of the electric storage device in a charge/discharge state and for determining a second estimation error of the electric storage device in the second state of charge,

wherein the controller component is configured to;

calculate a total error from the first estimation error obtained in a previous execution of the first estimation process and the second estimation error obtained in a previous execution of the second estimation process; and

shorten the reference time in the first estimation process that is to be l executed next as the total error is greater.

2. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the controller component is further configured to:

update the reference time to a time longer than a present reference time in the first estimation process when the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than the reference time after executing the first estimation process.

3. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 2, wherein the controller component is further configured to repeatedly execute the update of the reference time and the determining of the first estimation error in the first estimation process until the electric storage device is in the charge/discharge state and the second estimation process is started.

4. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 3, wherein the controller component is further configured to calculate the total error by adding the first estimation error in the first estimation process and the second estimation error in the second estimation process.

5. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 4, wherein the memory further stores data on a second correlation between estimation error in the estimation of state of charge and time variation in the terminal voltage, and

wherein the controller component is further configured to:

estimate a time variation in the terminal voltage based on the terminal voltage and the elapsed time;

estimate that the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than the reference time when the estimated time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than a tolerance defined based on the total error and the second correlation;

update the tolerance to a smaller value when the time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than the tolerance;

estimate the first estimation error when the time variation in the terminal voltage reaches the updated tolerance; and

update the first estimation error with the newly estimated first estimation error.

6. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 3, wherein the memory further stores data on a second correlation between estimation error in the estimation of state of charge and time variation in the terminal voltage, and

wherein the controller component is further configured to:

estimate a time variation in the terminal voltage based on the terminal voltage and the elapsed time;

estimate that the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than the reference time when the estimated time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than a tolerance defined based on the total error and the second correlation;

update the tolerance to a smaller value when the time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than the tolerance;

estimate the first estimation error when the time variation in the terminal voltage reaches the updated tolerance; and

update the first estimation error with the newly estimated first estimation error.

7. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 2, wherein the controller component is further configured to calculate the total error by adding the first estimation error in the first estimation process and the second estimation error in the second estimation process.

8. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 7, wherein the memory further stores data on a second correlation between estimation error in the estimation of state of charge and time variation in the terminal voltage, and

wherein the controller component is further configured to:

estimate a time variation in the terminal voltage based on the terminal voltage and the elapsed time;

estimate that the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than the reference time when the estimated time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than a tolerance defined based on the total error and the second correlation;

update the tolerance to a smaller value when the time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than the tolerance;

estimate the first estimation error when the time variation in the terminal voltage reaches the updated tolerance; and

update the first estimation error with the newly estimated first estimation error.

9. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 2, wherein the memory further stores data on a second correlation between estimation error in the estimation of state of charge and time variation in the terminal voltage, and

wherein the controller component is further configured to:

estimate the time variation in the terminal voltage based on the terminal voltage and the elapsed time;

estimate that the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than the reference time when the estimated time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than a tolerance defined based on the total error and the second correlation;

update the tolerance to a smaller value when the time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than the tolerance;

estimate the first estimation error when the time variation in the terminal voltage reaches the updated tolerance; and

update the first estimation error with the newly estimated first estimation error.

10. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the controller component is further configured to calculate the total error by adding the first estimation error in the first estimation process and the second estimation error in the second estimation process.

11. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 10, wherein the memory further stores data on a second correlation between estimation error in the estimation of state of charge and time variation in the terminal voltage, and

wherein the controller component is further configured to:

estimate a time variation in the terminal voltage based on the terminal voltage and the elapsed time;

estimate that the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than the reference time when the estimated time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than a tolerance defined based on the total error and the second correlation;

update the tolerance to a smaller value when the time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than the tolerance;

estimate the first estimation error when the time variation in the terminal voltage reaches the updated tolerance; and

update the first estimation error with the newly estimated first estimation error.

12. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the memory further stores data on a second correlation between estimation error in the estimation of state of charge and a time variation in the terminal voltage, and

wherein the controller component is further configured to:

estimate the time variation in the terminal voltage based on the terminal voltage and the elapsed time;

estimate that the elapsed time becomes equal to or longer than the reference time when the estimated time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than a tolerance defined based on the total error and the second correlation;

update the tolerance to a smaller value when the time variation in the terminal voltage becomes equal to or smaller than the tolerance;

estimate the first estimation error when the time variation in the terminal voltage reaches the updated tolerance; and

update the first estimation error with the newly estimated first estimation error.

13. The state of charge estimation device according to claim 1, wherein, based on a result of the execution by the controller component, the electric storage device is charged by a charger or discharged to a device.

14. A method of estimating a state of charge of an electric storage device, the method comprising;

a first estimation of a first state of charge based on a terminal voltage of the electic storage device when an elapsed time since an end of charge/discharge of the electric storage device reaches a reference time and for determining a first estimation error of the electric storage device in the first state of charge based on a first correlation between the elapsed time since the end of charge/discharge of the electric storage device and an estimation error in estimation of the state of charge and the elapsed time; and

a second estimation of a second state of charge based on an accumulated charge/discharge current of the electric storage device in a charge/discharge state and for determining a second estimation error of the electric/storage device in the second state of charge;

wherein the first estimation process includes;

calculating a total error from the first estimation error obtained in a previous execution of the first estimation process and the second estimation error obtained in a previous execution of the second estimation process; and

shortening the reference time in the first estimation process that is to be executed next as the total error is greater.

15. The method of estimation according to claim 14, wherein, based on a result of the first estimation and the second estimation, the electric storage device is charged by a charger or discharged to a device.