Methods for on-line, high-accuracy estimation of battery state of power
First Claim
1. A method for real-time estimation of state of charge and state of power of a battery, said method comprising:
- (a) cycling a battery with a driving profile;
(b) initializing a recursive algorithm that relates battery terminal voltage to battery current, wherein said recursive algorithm includes voltage components of (i) open-circuit voltage and (ii) a finite-impulse-response filter to dynamically model kinetic voltage;
(c) measuring said battery terminal voltage and said battery current at least at a first time and a second time during said cycling;
(d) calculating, using said recursive algorithm, battery open-circuit voltage and finite-impulse-response filter parameters;
(e) calculating battery state of charge based on said open-circuit voltage from step (d), using a look-up table, graph, equation, or combination thereof;
(f) calculating battery state of power based on said open-circuit voltage and said finite-impulse-response filter parameters from step (d); and
(g) managing said battery by adjusting electrical current and/or voltage from or to said battery in response to said battery state of charge and said battery state of power, to dynamically regulate said battery.
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Abstract
Some variations provide a method for real-time estimation of state of charge and state of power of a battery, comprising: (a) cycling a battery with a driving profile; (b) utilizing a recursive algorithm that relates battery terminal voltage to battery current, wherein the algorithm includes open-circuit voltage and a finite-impulse-response filter to dynamically model kinetic voltage; measuring the battery terminal voltage and the battery current at least at a first time and a second time during cycling; calculating battery open-circuit voltage and finite-impulse-response filter parameters; calculating battery state of charge based on the open-circuit voltage; and calculating battery state of power based on the open-circuit voltage and the finite-impulse-response filter parameters. An extended Kalman filtering technique is incorporated for real-time updating of FIR model parameters. Only a single FIR filter is necessary, making these methods applicable for battery-powered systems with limited computing and storage capabilities.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A method for real-time estimation of state of charge and state of power of a battery, said method comprising:
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(a) cycling a battery with a driving profile; (b) initializing a recursive algorithm that relates battery terminal voltage to battery current, wherein said recursive algorithm includes voltage components of (i) open-circuit voltage and (ii) a finite-impulse-response filter to dynamically model kinetic voltage; (c) measuring said battery terminal voltage and said battery current at least at a first time and a second time during said cycling; (d) calculating, using said recursive algorithm, battery open-circuit voltage and finite-impulse-response filter parameters; (e) calculating battery state of charge based on said open-circuit voltage from step (d), using a look-up table, graph, equation, or combination thereof; (f) calculating battery state of power based on said open-circuit voltage and said finite-impulse-response filter parameters from step (d); and (g) managing said battery by adjusting electrical current and/or voltage from or to said battery in response to said battery state of charge and said battery state of power, to dynamically regulate said battery. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A system for dynamically characterizing the state of charge and state of power a battery, said system comprising a battery and a programmable power-supply apparatus electrically linked with said battery, wherein said programmable power-supply apparatus is programmed using non-transitory memory with executable code for executing the steps of:
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(a) cycling a battery with a driving profile; (b) initializing a recursive algorithm that relates battery terminal voltage to battery current, wherein said recursive algorithm includes voltage components of (i) open-circuit voltage and (ii) a finite-impulse-response filter to dynamically model kinetic voltage; (c) measuring said battery terminal voltage and said battery current at least at a first time and a second time during said cycling; (d) calculating, using said recursive algorithm, battery open-circuit voltage and finite-impulse-response filter parameters; (e) calculating battery state of charge based on said open-circuit voltage from step (d), using a look-up table, graph, equation, or combination thereof; (f) calculating battery state of power based on said open-circuit voltage and said finite-impulse-response filter parameters from step (d); and (g) managing said battery by adjusting electrical current and/or voltage from or to said battery in response to said battery state of charge and said battery state of power, to dynamically regulate said battery. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer instructions stored therein for causing a computer processor to perform steps of:
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(a) cycling a battery with a driving profile; (b) initializing a recursive algorithm that relates battery terminal voltage to battery current, wherein said recursive algorithm includes voltage components of (i) open-circuit voltage and (ii) a finite-impulse-response filter to dynamically model kinetic voltage; (c) measuring said battery terminal voltage and said battery current at least at a first time and a second time during said cycling; (d) calculating, using said recursive algorithm, battery open-circuit voltage and finite-impulse-response filter parameters; (e) optionally adjusting the number of said finite-impulse-response filter parameters to improve stability of said method or to accommodate battery kinetics; (f) calculating battery state of charge based on said open-circuit voltage from step (d), using a look-up table, graph, equation, or combination thereof; (g) calculating battery state of power based on said open-circuit voltage and said finite-impulse-response filter parameters from step (d); and (h) managing said battery by adjusting electrical current and/or voltage from or to said battery in response to said battery state of charge and said battery state of power, to dynamically regulate said battery.
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Specification