Rapid battery charging

• US 9,991,726 B2
• Filed: 01/12/2016
• Issued: 06/05/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 01/12/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Potential Difference, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Potential Difference, Inc.
• Inventors: Small, Jr., Elliott C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Samuel
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kebede, Tessema
• Application Number:
  US14/993,875
• Publication Number:
  US 20160204624A1
• Time in Patent Office: 875 Days
• Field of Search: 320139
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0024 Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0047 with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0071 with a programmable schedule
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00711 with introduction of pulses during the charging process
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A method and battery charger for charging two or more batteries includes a pulse generator, a detector and a processor communicably coupled to the pulse generator and the detector. A charging series time period, a charging time period and a rest time period are determined based on one or more battery parameters using the processor and the detector. The charging time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period divided by the number of batteries and the rest time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period minus the charging time period. A charging pulse group having a positive pulse for the charging time period and a rest period for the rest time period is generated using the pulse generator, and sequentially applied to each of the batteries. The battery parameters are monitored and the charging pulse group may be adjusted.

Claims

1. A method for charging two or more batteries with a battery charger, comprising the steps of:

providing a number of batteries electrically connected to the battery charger, wherein the number of batteries comprises the two or more batteries, and the battery charger comprises a pulse generator, a detector and a processor communicably coupled to the pulse generator and the detector;

determining a charging series time period, a charging time period and a rest time period based on one or more battery parameters using the processor and the detector, wherein the charging time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period divided by the number of batteries and the rest time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period minus the charging time period;

generating a charging pulse group having a positive pulse for the charging time period and a rest period for the rest time period using the pulse generator;

sequentially applying the charging pulse group to each of the two or more batteries such that the positive pulse is only provided to one of the batteries at a time; and

monitoring the one or more parameters for the two or more batteries and determining whether to adjust the charging pulse group for the two or more batteries using the processor and the detector.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of measuring the one or more parameters for the two or more batteries, wherein the one or more battery parameters comprise at least one of a parallel resistance, a series resistance, a parallel capacitance, a phase angle, a battery temperature, a battery internal pressure, a battery internal resistance, a battery terminal voltage and a voltage derivative with time.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of generating the charging pulse group further comprises a negative pulse during the rest time period.

4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the negative pulse immediately precedes the positive pulse.

5. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the negative pulse does not immediately follow the positive pulse and does not immediately precede the positive pulse.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of providing the number of batteries electrically connected to the battery charger comprises the step of electrically connecting the two or more batteries to the battery charger.

7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

generating a discharge pulse using the pulse generator;

applying the discharge pulse to each of the two or more batteries; and

detecting the one or more battery parameters using the detector.

8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the monitoring step further comprises the step of adjusting the charging pulse group for the two or more batteries using the processor and the detector by changing at least one of a voltage, a current, the charging series time period, the charging time period, the rest time period, the positive pulse and the rest period.

9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the adjusting step is performed on each battery such that the charging pulse group comprises a first charging pulse group for a first battery and a second charging pulse group for a second battery.

10. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the generating step, sequentially applying step, monitoring step and the adjusting step are repeated until the two or more batteries are substantially charged, a specified charge level is obtained, or a specified charging time period has elapsed.

11. A method for charging two or more batteries with a battery charger, comprising the steps of:

providing a number of batteries electrically connected to the battery charger, wherein the number of batteries comprises the two or more batteries, and the battery charger comprises a pulse generator, a detector and a processor communicably coupled to the pulse generator and the detector;

measuring one or more parameters for the two or more batteries, wherein the one or more battery parameters comprise at least one of a parallel resistance, a series resistance, a parallel capacitance, a phase angle, a battery temperature, a battery internal pressure, a battery internal resistance, a battery terminal voltage and a voltage derivative with time;

determining a charging series time period, a charging time period and a rest time period based on the one or more battery parameters using the processor and the detector, wherein the charging time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period divided by the number of batteries and the rest time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period minus the charging time period;

generating a charging pulse group having a positive pulse for the charging time period and a rest period for the rest time period using the pulse generator;

sequentially applying the charging pulse group to each of the two or more batteries such that the positive pulse is only provided to one of the batteries at a time;

monitoring the one or more parameters for the two or more batteries using the detector;

adjusting the charging pulse group whenever the processor determines that an adjustment is required by changing at least one of a voltage, a current, the charging series time period, the charging time period, the rest time period, the positive pulse and the rest period; and

repeating the generating step, the sequentially applying step, the monitoring step and the adjusting step until the two or more batteries are substantially charged, a specified charge level is obtained, or a specified charging time period has elapsed.

12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the step of generating the charging pulse group further comprises a negative pulse during the rest time period.

13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the negative pulse immediately precedes the positive pulse.

14. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the negative pulse does not immediately follow the positive pulse and does not immediately precede the positive pulse.

15. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the step of providing the number of batteries electrically connected to the battery charger comprises the step of electrically connecting the two or more batteries to the battery charger.

16. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising the steps of:

generating a discharge pulse using the pulse generator;

applying the discharge pulse to each of the two or more batteries; and

detecting the one or more battery parameters using the detector.

17. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the adjusting step is performed on each battery such that the charging pulse group comprises a first charging pulse group for a first battery and a second charging pulse group for a second battery.

18. A battery charger for two or more batteries, comprising:

a pulse generator configured to generate a charging pulse group having a positive pulse for a charging time period and a rest period for a rest time period and sequentially apply the charging pulse group to each of the two or more batteries such that the positive pulse is only provided to one of the batteries at a time;

a detector configured to monitor one or more parameters for the two or more batteries;

a processor communicably coupled to the pulse generator and the detector, the processor configured to determine the charging series time period, the charging time period and the rest time period based on the one or more battery parameters, wherein the charging time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period divided by a number of batteries comprising the two or more batteries and the rest time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period minus the charging time period; and

the processor is further configured to determine whether to adjust the charging pulse group for the two or more batteries.

19. The battery charger as recited in claim 18, wherein the detector is further configured to measure the one or more parameters for the two or more batteries, wherein the one or more battery parameters comprise at least one of a parallel resistance, a series resistance, a parallel capacitance, a phase angle, a battery temperature, a battery internal pressure, a battery internal resistance, a battery terminal voltage and a voltage derivative with time.

20. The battery charger as recited in claim 18, wherein the charging pulse group further comprises a negative pulse during the rest time period.

21. The battery charger as recited in claim 20, wherein the negative pulse immediately precedes the positive pulse.

22. The battery charger as recited in claim 20, wherein the negative pulse does not immediately follow the positive pulse and does not immediately precede the positive pulse.

23. The battery charger as recited in claim 18, wherein the pulse generator is further configured to generating a discharge pulse and apply the discharge pulse to each of the two or more batteries.

24. The battery charger as recited in claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the charging pulse group for the two or more batteries using the processor and the detector by changing at least one of a voltage, a current, the charging series time period, the charging time period, the rest time period, the positive pulse and the rest period.

25. The battery charger as recited in claim 24, wherein the charging pulse is adjusted for each battery such that the charging pulse group comprises a first charging pulse group for a first battery and a second charging pulse group for a second battery.

26. The battery charger as recited in claim 24, wherein the processor is configured to charge the two or more batteries until the two or more batteries are substantially charged, a specified charge level is obtained, or a specified charging time period has elapsed.

27. A method for charging two or more cells within a battery with a battery charger, comprising the steps of:

providing the battery having a number of cells electrically connected to the battery charger, wherein the number of cells comprises the two or more cells, and the battery charger comprises a pulse generator, a detector and a processor communicably coupled to the pulse generator and the detector;

determining a charging series time period, a charging time period and a rest time period based on one or more cell parameters using the processor and the detector, wherein the charging time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period divided by the number of cells and the rest time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period minus the charging time period;

generating a charging pulse group having a positive pulse for the charging time period and a rest period for the rest time period using the pulse generator;

sequentially applying the charging pulse group to each of the two or more cells such that the positive pulse is only provided to one of the cells at a time;

monitoring the one or more parameters for the two or more cells and determining whether to adjust the charging pulse group for the two or more cells using the processor and the detector.

28. A battery charger for two or more cells within a battery, comprising:

a pulse generator configured to generate a charging pulse group having a positive pulse for a charging time period and a rest period for a rest time period and sequentially apply the charging pulse group to each of the two or more cells such that the positive pulse is only provided to one of the cells at a time;

a detector configured to monitor one or more parameters for the two or more batteries;

a processor communicably coupled to the pulse generator and the detector, the processor configured to determine the charging series time period, the charging time period and the rest time period based on the one or more cell parameters, wherein the charging time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period divided by a number of cells comprising the two or more cells and the rest time period is approximately equal to the charging series time period minus the charging time period; and

the processor is further configured to determine whether to adjust the charging pulse group for the two or more cells.