Method and apparatus for supporting duplicate suppression when issuing multicast queries using DNS-format message packets

• US 9,998,321 B2
• Filed: 03/19/2002
• Issued: 06/12/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Cheshire, Stuart D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Thomas, Ashish K
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHOJNACKI, MELLISSA M
• Application Number:
  US10/102,174
• Publication Number:
  US 20030182269A1
• Time in Patent Office: 5,929 Days
• Field of Search: 370401, 370432, 707 1- 10, 707100-1041, 707200-206, 709229, 709313, 709245, 709219-225
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4511 using domain name system [DNS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4552 Lookup mechanisms between a plurality of directories; Synchronisation of directories, e.g. metadirectories

Abstract

Domain Name System (DNS) Queries and DNS Responses both use the same packet format. The DNS packet format includes a header section, a question section, an answer section, an authority record section and an additional record section. In conventional DNS Queries, the header section and the question section are used; the answer section, authority record section and additional record section are empty. In the present invention, when issuing a query, the client places the question in the question section as usual, and places all the answers it already knows into the (previously empty) answer section. When receiving a query, a responder checks to make sure that the answer it is about to give is not already included in the answer section. If the answer is listed in the answer section of the query, it means that the client already has that information, and doesn'"'"'t need to be told again.

Claims

1. A computer-executable method to obtain information that is represented using domain name system (DNS) resource records, at a requesting entity in a domain, comprising:

multicasting a DNS request query asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035 from a computer system, wherein the query includes;

a questions section containing the DNS name, the query type and the query class,

wherein the query type indicates that the information contained in the query is of one of the following types;

a host address,

a canonical name of an alias,

a CPU and OS used by a host,

a mail exchange for the domain,

an authoritative name server for the domain,

a pointer to another part of the domain name space, or

a start of the zone authority, and

wherein the query class indicates a network protocol family or an instance of a network protocol,

a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to the DNS name in the question section of the request query;

receiving at the computer system responses to the multicasted request query that contain additional answers that are not in the list of known answers, wherein the list of known answers is in the request query, and wherein a responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query; and

adding the additional answers to the list of known answers;

wherein sending the list of known answers along with the request query suppresses the known answers in the received responses.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein multicasting the request query involves performing a domain name system (DNS) multicast to send the request query to multiple entities.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

5. A computer-executable method to communicate information that is represented using DNS resource records, by a responding entity in a domain, comprising:

receiving a multicast DNS request query asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035 from a requesting entity which belongs to a computer system, wherein the query includes;

a question section containing the DNS name, the query type and the query class,

wherein the query type indicates that the information contained in the query is of one of the following types;

a host address,

a canonical name of an alias,

a CPU and OS used by a host,

a mail exchange for the domain,

an authoritative name server for the domain,

a pointer to another part of the domain name space, or

a start of the zone authority, and

wherein the query class indicates a network protocol family or an instance of a network protocol,

a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to the DNS name in the question section of the query; and

sending a response to the query to the requesting entity which belongs to the computer system only if a locally known answer to the query does not appear in the list of known answers in the query, so that the requesting entity can update the list of known answers to include the locally known answer;

wherein responses to the requesting entity including known answers are suppressed, wherein the known answers are in the query from the requesting entity.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method to obtain information that is represented using DNS resource records, at a requesting entity in a domain, the method comprising:

multicasting a DNS request query asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035, wherein the query includes;

a question section containing the DNS name, the query type and the query class,

wherein the query type indicates that the information contained in the query is of one of the following types;

a host address,

a canonical name of an alias,

a CPU and OS used by a host,

a mail exchange for the domain,

an authoritative name server for the domain,

a pointer to another part of the domain name space, or

a start of the zone authority, and

wherein the query class indicates a network protocol family or an instance of a network protocol,

a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to the DNS name in the question section of the request query;

receiving responses to the multicast query that contain additional answers that are not in the list of known answers, wherein the list of known answers is in the request query, and wherein a responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query; and

adding the additional answers to the list of known answers;

wherein sending the list of known answers along with the request query suppresses the known answers in the received responses.

9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein multicasting the request query involves performing a domain name system (DNS) multicast to send the request query to multiple entities.

10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method to communicate information that is represented using DNS resource records, by a responding entity in a domain, the method comprising:

receiving a multicast DNS request query from a requesting entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035, wherein the query includes;

a question section containing the DNS name, the query type and the query class,

wherein the query type indicates that the information contained in the query is of one of the following types;

a host address,

a canonical name of an alias,

a CPU and OS used by a host,

a mail exchange for the domain,

an authoritative name server for the domain,

a pointer to another part of the domain name space, or

a start of the zone authority, and

wherein the query class indicates a network protocol family or an instance of a network protocol,

non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to the DNS name in the question section of the request query; and

sending a response to the multicast request query to the requesting entity only if a locally known answer to the request query does not appear in the list of known answers in the query, so that the requesting entity can update the list of known answers to include the locally known answer;

wherein responses to the requesting entity including the known answers in the request query from the requesting entity are suppressed.

13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

15. An apparatus at a requesting entity in a domain that obtains information that is represented using DNS resource records, comprising:

a querying mechanism configured to multicast a DNS request query asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035, wherein the query includes;

a question section containing the DNS name, the query type and the query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035,

wherein the query type indicates that the information contained in the query is of one of the following types;

a host address,

a canonical name of an alias,

a CPU and OS used by a host,

a mail exchange for the domain,

an authoritative name server for the domain,

a pointer to another part of the domain name space, or

a start of the zone authority, and

wherein the query class indicates a network protocol family or an instance of a network protocol,

a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to the DNS name in the question section of the request query;

a receiving mechanism configured to receive responses to the multicast request query that contain additional answers that are not in the list of known answers, wherein the list of known answers is in the request query sent, and wherein a responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query; and

an updating mechanism that is configured to add the additional answers to the list of known answers;

wherein sending the list of known answers along with the request query suppresses the known answers in the received responses.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the querying mechanism is configured to perform a domain name system (DNS) multicast to send the request query to multiple entities.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

19. An apparatus at a responding entity in a domain that communicates information that is represented using DNS resource records, comprising:

a receiving mechanism configured to receive a multicast DNS request query from a requesting entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035, wherein the query includes;

a question section containing the DNS name, the query type and the query class as defined in IETF RFC 1035,

wherein the query type indicates that the information contained in the query is of one of the following types;

a host address,

a canonical name of an alias,

a CPU and OS used by a host,

a mail exchange for the domain,

an authoritative name server for the domain,

a pointer to another part of the domain name space, or

a start of the zone authority, and

wherein the query class indicates a network protocol family or an instance of a network protocol,

a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to the DNS name in the question section of the request query; and

a response mechanism that is configured to send a response to the multicast request query to the requesting entity only if a locally known answer to the request query does not appear in the list of known answers in the query, so that the requesting entity can update the list of known answers to include the locally known answer;

wherein responses to the requesting entity including the known answers in the request query from the requesting entity are suppressed.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

22. A computer-executable method, at a requesting entity, to discover service responding entities that are available within a domain, comprising:

multicasting a DNS request query from a computer system asking for service responding entities that are available within the domain, wherein the request query including a question section, and a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to a DNS name in the question section of the request query;

receiving at the computer system only responses that contain changes to the list of known service responding entities, wherein the list of known service responding entities is in the request query sent, and wherein a responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain known service responding entities that are included in the list of known service responding entities in the query; and

using the changes to update the list of known service responding entities;

wherein sending the list of known service responding entities along with the request query suppresses those responses that include the known service responding entities in the request query.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein multicasting the request query involves performing a domain name service (DNS) multicast to send the request query to multiple entities.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising using a name of a service responding entity to lookup an address for the service responding entity.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

27. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method, at a requesting entity, to discover service responding entities that are available within a domain, the method comprising:

multicasting a DNS request query asking for service responding entities that are available within the domain, wherein the query includes a question section, and a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to a DNS name in the question section of the request query;

receiving only responses that contain changes to the list of known service responding entities, wherein the list of known service responding entities is in the request query sent, and wherein a responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain known service responding entities that are included in the list of known service responding entities in the query; and

using the changes to update the list of known service responding entities;

wherein sending the list of known service responding entities along with the request query suppresses those responses that include the known service responding entities in the request query.

28. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein multicasting the request query involves performing a domain name service (DNS) multicast to deliver the request query to multiple entities.

29. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, further comprising using a name of a service responding entity to lookup an address for the service responding entity.

30. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

31. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

32. An apparatus, at a requesting entity, to discover service responding entities that are available within a domain, comprising:

a querying mechanism configured to multicast a DNS request query asking for service responding entities that are available within the domain, wherein the query includes a question section, and a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to a DNS name in the question section of the request query;

a receiving mechanism configured to receive only those responses that contain changes to the list of known service responding entities, wherein the list of known service responding entities is in the request query, and wherein a responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain known service responding entities that are included in the list of known service responding entities in the query; and

an update mechanism to use the changes to update the list of known service responding entities;

wherein sending the list of known service responding entities along with the request query suppresses those responses that include the known service responding entities in the request query.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the querying mechanism is configured to performing a domain name service (DNS) multicast to send the request query to the multiple entities.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the apparatus is configured to use a name of a service responding entity to lookup an address for the service responding entity.

35. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

36. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

37. A computer-executable method to communicate about service responding entities that are available in a domain, by a responding entity in the domain, comprising:

receiving a multicast DNS request query from a requesting entity belongs to a computer system asking for service responding entities that are available within the domain, wherein the query includes a question section, and a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to a DNS name in the question section of the request query; and

sending a response to the multicast request query to the requesting entity belongs to the computer system only if a locally known service responding entity does not appear in the list of known service responding entities, so that the requesting entity can update the list of known service responding entities to include the locally known service responding entity;

wherein responses to the requesting entity including known service responding entities are suppressed, wherein the known service responding entities are in the request query from the requesting entity.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

40. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method to communicate about service responding entities that are available in a domain, by a responding entity in the domain, comprising:

receiving a multicast DNS request query from a requesting entity asking for service responding entities that are available within the domain, wherein the request query includes a question section, and a non-empty answer section containing a least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to a DNS name in the question section of the request query; and

sending a response to the multicast request query to the requesting entity only if a locally known service responding entity does not appear in the list of known service responding entities, so that the requesting entity can update the list of known service responding entities to include the locally known service responding entity;

wherein responses to the requesting entity including known service responding entities are suppressed, wherein the known service responding entities are in the request query from the requesting entity.

41. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 40, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

42. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 40, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

43. An apparatus at a responding entity in a domain that communicates about service responding entities that are available in the domain, comprising:

a receiving mechanism configured to receive a multicast DNS request query from a requesting entity asking for service responding entities that are available in the domain, wherein the query includes a question section, and a non-empty answer section containing at least one answer to the request query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers includes known addresses which correspond to a DNS name in the question section of the request query; and

a sending mechanism configured to send a response to the multicast request query to the requesting entity only if a locally known service responding entity does not appear in the list of known service responding entities, so that the requesting entity can update the list of known service responding entities to include the locally known service responding entity;

wherein responses to the requesting entity including known service responding entities are suppressed, wherein the known service responding entities are in the request query from the requesting entity.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the domain comprises a computer network.

45. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the domain comprises a wireless computer network.

46. A method for obtaining information that is represented using DNS resource records, comprising:

delivering a query to at least one responding entity from a requesting entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class, wherein the query is contained within a packet that adheres to a format defined in Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1035;

wherein delivering the query involves including a non-empty list of answers to the query known by the requesting entity in an answer section of the query, wherein the list of known answers in the query includes at least one answer to previous queries received by the requesting entity from the at least one responding entity or from a different responding entity;

receiving from the at least one responding entity at the requesting entity only responses to the query that contain additional answers that are not in the list of known answers, wherein the responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query; and

adding any received additional answers to the list of known answers at the requesting entity.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein delivering the query involves performing a domain name system (DNS) multicast to simultaneously deliver the query to multiple responding entities.

48. A method for communicating information that is represented using DNS resource records, comprising:

receiving a query from a requesting entity at a responding entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class, wherein the query is contained within a packet that adheres to a format defined in Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1035;

wherein receiving the query involves receiving in the query a non-empty list of answers to the query known by the requesting entity, and wherein the list of known answers in the query includes at least one answer to previous queries received by the requesting entity from the responding entity or from a different responding entity; and

sending a response to the query to the requesting entity only if a locally known answer to the query does not appear in the list of known answers in the query and otherwise suppressing responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query.

49. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method for obtaining information that is represented using DNS resource records, the method comprising:

delivering a query to at least one responding entity from a requesting entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class, wherein the query is contained within a packet that adheres to a format defined in Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1035;

wherein delivering the query involves including a non-empty list of answers to the query known by the requesting entity in an answer section of the query, wherein the list of known answers in the query includes at least one answer to previous queries received by the requesting entity from the at least one responding entity or from a different responding entity;

receiving from the at least one responding entity at the requesting entity only responses to the query that contain additional answers that are not in the list of known answers, wherein the responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query; and

adding any received additional answers to the list of known answers at the requesting entity.

50. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 49, wherein delivering the query involves performing a domain name system (DNS) multicast to simultaneously deliver the query to multiple responding entities.

51. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method for communicating information that is represented using DNS resource records, the method comprising:

receiving a query from a requesting entity at a responding entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class, wherein the query is contained within a packet that adheres to a format defined in Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1035;

wherein receiving the query involves receiving in the query a non-empty list of answers to the query known by the requesting entity, and wherein the list of known answers in the query includes at least one answer to previous queries received by the requesting entity from the responding entity or from a different responding entity; and

sending a response to the query to the requesting entity only if a locally known answer to the query does not appear in the list of known answers in the query and otherwise suppressing responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query.

52. An apparatus that obtains information that is represented using DNS resource records, comprising:

a delivery mechanism that is configured to deliver a query to at least one responding entity from a requesting entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class, wherein the query is contained within a packet that adheres to a format defined in Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1035;

wherein when delivering the query, the delivery mechanism is further configured to include a non-empty list of answers to the query known by the requesting entity in an answer section of the query, wherein the list of known answers in the query includes at least one answer to previous queries received by the requesting entity from the at least one responding entity or from a different responding entity;

a receiving mechanism that is configured to receive from the at least one responding entity at the requesting entity only responses to the query that contain additional answers that are not in the list of known answers, wherein the responding entity suppresses responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query; and

an updating mechanism that is configured add any received additional answers to the list of known answers at the requesting entity.

53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the delivery mechanism is configured to perform a domain name system (DNS) multicast to deliver the query to the multiple entities.

54. An apparatus that communicates information that is represented using DNS resource records, comprising:

a receiving mechanism that is configured to receive a query from a requesting entity at a responding entity asking for information identified by a DNS name, a query type and a query class, wherein the query is contained within a packet that adheres to a format defined in Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1035;

wherein when receiving the query, the receiving mechanism is configured to receive in the query a non-empty list of answers to the query known by the requesting entity, wherein the list of known answers in the query includes at least one answer to previous queries received by the requesting entity from the responding entity or from a different responding entity; and

a response mechanism configured to send a response to the query to the requesting entity only if a locally known answer to the query does not appear in the list of known answers in the query and otherwise suppressing responses to queries that contain answers that are included in the list of known answers in the query.