Aromatic polyimide, polyester and polyamide separation membranes
First Claim
1. The process of separating .[.fluids.]. .Iadd.a mixture of gases .Iaddend.using a semipermeable membrane of which at least 50% by weight consists essentially of a polymer whose main chain has a repeating unit containing at least one group selected from the group consisting of aromatic imide, aromatic ester and aromatic amide groups, in which said repeating unit(a) contains at least one rigid divalent subunit, the two main chain single bonds extending from which are not colinear,(b) is sterically unable to rotate 360°
- around one or more of said main chain single bonds, and(c) has more than 50% of its main chain atoms in aromatic groups,the said aromatic imide repeating unit having the formula ##STR83## R and R1 are, respectively, a divalent and tetravalent organic radical, the said aromatic ester repeating unit having the formula ##STR84## wherein each of R2 and R3, alike or different, is a divalent organic radical, and the said aromatic amide repeating unit having the formula ##STR85## wherein R and R3 are as defined above and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl.
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Abstract
Gas separation membranes are made from aromatic polyimides, polyesters and polyamides in which the repeating unit of the main polymer chain
(a) has at least one rigid divalent subunit, the two main chain single bonds extending from which are not colinear,
(b) is sterically unable to rotate 360° around at least one of these bonds, and
(c) has 50% or more of its main chain atoms as members of aromatic rings.
89 Citations
26 Claims
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1. The process of separating .[.fluids.]. .Iadd.a mixture of gases .Iaddend.using a semipermeable membrane of which at least 50% by weight consists essentially of a polymer whose main chain has a repeating unit containing at least one group selected from the group consisting of aromatic imide, aromatic ester and aromatic amide groups, in which said repeating unit
(a) contains at least one rigid divalent subunit, the two main chain single bonds extending from which are not colinear, (b) is sterically unable to rotate 360° - around one or more of said main chain single bonds, and
(c) has more than 50% of its main chain atoms in aromatic groups, the said aromatic imide repeating unit having the formula ##STR83## R and R1 are, respectively, a divalent and tetravalent organic radical, the said aromatic ester repeating unit having the formula ##STR84## wherein each of R2 and R3, alike or different, is a divalent organic radical, and the said aromatic amide repeating unit having the formula ##STR85## wherein R and R3 are as defined above and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
- around one or more of said main chain single bonds, and
- 22. which the fluid is a mixture of gases..]. 23. The process of separating .[.fluids.]. .Iadd.gases .Iaddend.of claim .[.22.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.in
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25. which the polymer is a polyamide. .[.26. A fluid-separation apparatus comprising:
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a fluid-permeation cell; a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet connected to said cell; and a semipermeable membrane dividing the cell between the inlet and the outlet; at least 50% by weight of said membrane consisting essentially of a polymer whose main chain has a repeating unit containing at least one group selected from the group consisting of aromatic imide, aromatic ester and aromatic amide groups, in which said repeating unit (a) contains at least one rigid divalent subunit, the two main chain single bonds extending from which are not colinear, (b) is sterically unable to rotate 360°
around one or more of said main chain single bonds, and(c) has more than 50% of its main chain atoms in aromatic groups, the said aromatic imide repeating unit having the formula ##STR86## wherein R and R1 are, respectively, a divalent and tetravalent organic radical, the said aromatic ester repeating unit having the formula ##STR87## wherein each of R2 and R3, alike or different, is a divalent organic radical, and the said aromatic amide repeating unit having the formula ##STR88## wherein R and R3 are as defined above and R7 is hydrogen, lower
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26. alkyl or phenyl..]. .[.27. The fluid-separation apparatus of claim 26 in which the polymer is a polyimide..]. .[.28. The fluid-separation apparatus of claim 26 in which the polymer is a polyester..]. .[.29. The fluid-separation apparatus of claim 26 in which the polymer is a polyamide..].
Specification