Optical fiber evaluation method and system

• US RE34,972 E
• Filed: 03/03/1993
• Issued: 06/20/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/24/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
• Inventors: Tateda, Mitsuhiro, Horiguchi, Tsuneo
• Primary Examiner(s): McGraw, Vincent P.
• Application Number:
  US08/026,156
• Time in Patent Office: 839 Days
• Field of Search: 356/73.1, 356/223, 356/326, 356/328, 356/301, 356/345, 356/350, 250/227.12, 250/227.23, 250/227.19, 250/227.21, 250/227.17, 359/615
• US Class Current: 356/73.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 11/319 Reflectometers using stimulated back-scatter, e.g. Raman or fibre amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 11/39 in which light is projected from both sides of the fiber or waveguide end-face

Abstract

Use is made of a non linear interaction between a first modulated signal light from a first light source and a second signal light from a second light source which propagate in an optical fiber to be examined in opposite directions, i.e., so-called Brillouin light amplification, to analyze the signal waveform of the second signal light, which is influenced by the action of such light amplification.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber, comprising the steps of:

making incident a first signal light in the form of modulated light from a first light source upon an optical fiber to be measured;

propagating a second signal light from a second light source in said optical fiber to be measured in the direction opposite to that of the first signal light;

controlling the frequency of at least one of said first and second light sources;

setting the frequency difference Δ

f between said first signal light and said second signal light at a predetermined value;

producing an optical nonlinear interaction between said first signal light and said second signal light;

detecting said second signal light after it undergoes said optical nonlinear interaction;

determining the time dependent signal power W of the detected second signal light; and

evaluating the properties of said optical fiber to be measured on the basis of said time dependent signal power W,

wherein said optical nonlinear interaction is Brillouin light amplification, and

wherein the loss α

(dB/km) of a given section <

a, b>

of said optical fiber is evaluated from the equation

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">α

=1000×

10 log.sub.10 (W.sub.a /W.sub.b)/(vt.sub.ab /2) (dB/km),

where v represents the velocity of light in said optical fiber (m/s), Wa and Wb represent the detected time-dependent signal power of said second signal light at the respective ends a and b of said section of said optical fiber to be measured, and t_ab represents the time required for the first or second signal light to go back and forth between said section <

a, b>

.

2. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oscillation linewidth of at least one of said first and second light sources is wider than the bandwidth of Brillouin light amplification of said optical fiber to be measured.

3. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of determining said time dependent signal power W of said second signal light is accomplished by calculating in accordance with the following equation:

##EQU2## where Wk is the time dependent signal power of said second signal light which undergoes said Brillouin amplification and is detected at the instance when the frequency difference between said first signal light and said second signal light is Δ

fk (k=1, 2, . . . , N, N being a positive integer).

4. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of determining the time dependent signal power W of said second signal light comprises the steps of maintaining the polarization of one of said first signal light and said second signal light;

producing time dependent signals by changing the polarization state of the other of said first signal light and said second signal light to alternatively take one of a pair of orthogonal polarization states;

detecting the time dependent signal powers Ws and Wp of said time dependent signals corresponding to said orthogonal polarization states; and

calculating said time dependent signal power W as the arithmetic mean expressed by (Ws+Wp)/2.

5. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of determining the time dependent signal power W of the detected second signal light comprises the steps of:

assigning f1 and f2 to the respective optical frequencies of said first signal light and said second signal light so that the frequencies f1 and f2 satisfy the relationship f1-f2-fB (wherein fB is the Brillouin frequency shift);

detecting said second signal light, which is Brillouin-light-amplified, to obtain the time dependent power WA of the detected second signal light;

assigning f1'"'"' and f2'"'"' to the respective optical frequencies of said first signal light and said second signal light so that the frequencies f1'"'"' and f2'"'"' satisfy the relationship f2'"'"'-f1'"'"'=fB;

detecting said second signal light which is Brillouin-light-amplified to obtain the time dependent power WB of the detected second signal light; and

calculating the arithmetic means (WA+WB)/2 or the geometric mean root √

WA×

WB, and specifying said arithmetic mean or said geometric means as the time dependent signal power W.

6. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber, comprising the steps of:

making incident a first signal light in the form of modulated light from a first light source upon an optical fiber to be measured;

propagating a second signal light from a second light source in said optical fiber to be measured in the direction opposite to that of the first signal light;

controlling the frequency of at least one of said first and second light source;

setting the frequency difference Δ

f between said first signal light and said second signal light at a predetermined value;

producing an optical nonlinear interaction between said first signal light and said second signal light;

detecting said second signal light after it undergoes said optical nonlinear interaction;

determining the time dependent signal power W of the detected second signal light; and

evaluating the properties of said optical fiber to be measured on the basis of said time dependent signal power W,

wherein said optical nonlinear interaction is Brillouin light amplification, and

wherein said step of evaluating the properties of said optical fiber includes evaluation of the relative refractive index difference distribution, temperature distribution, or stress distribution in said optical fiber to be measured from the frequency difference Δ

f (where Δ

f=fB, the Brillouin frequency shift) that makes the amplitude of said time dependent signal power W maximum.

7. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of determining the time dependent signal power W of said second signal light comprises the steps of maintaining the polarization of one of said first signal light and said second signal light;

producing time dependent signals by changing the polarization state of the other said first signal light and said second signal light to alternately take one of a pair of orthogonal polarization states;

detecting the time dependent signal powers Ws and Wp of said time dependent signals corresponding to said orthogonal polarization states; and

calculating said time dependent signal power W as the arithmetic mean expressed by (Ws+Wp)/2.

8. A method for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of determining the time dependent signal power W of the detected second signal light comprises the steps of:

assigning f1 and f2 to the respective optical frequencies of said first signal light and said second signal light so that the frequencies fi and f2 satisfy the relationship f1-f2=fB (where fB is the Brillouin frequency shift);

detecting said second signal light which is Brillouin-light-amplified to obtain the time dependent power WA of the detected second signal light;

assigning f1'"'"' and f2'"'"' to the respective optical frequencies of said first signal light and said second signal light so that the frequencies f1'"'"' and f2'"'"' satisfy the relationship f2'"'"'-f1'"'"'=fB;

detecting said second signal light which is Brillouin-light-amplified to obtain the time dependent power WB of the detected second signal light; and

calculating the arithmetic means (WA+WB)/2 or the geometric mean root √

WA×

WB, and specifying said arithmetic mean or said geometric mean as the time dependent signal power W.

9. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber, comprising:

a first light source means for emitting a first signal light in the form of modulated light;

a second light source means for emitting a second signal light;

an optical frequency controlling device means for controlling the optical frequency difference between said first signal light and said second signal light;

means for launching said second signal light into an end of said optical fiber to be measured;

an optical multi-demultiplexing means for launching said first signal light onto the other end of said optical fiber to be measured, and for extracting said second signal light at the other end of said optical fiber;

.[.an optical frequency filter which receives light from said multi-demultiplexing means and passes said second signal light but not said first signal light;

.].

a photo detecting means for convening .[.the light passed by said optical frequency filter.]. .Iadd.said second signal light extracted by said multi-demultiplexing .Iaddend.into an electric signal; and

a signal processing means for processing and analyzing the time dependent waveform of said electric signal from said photo detecting means,

wherein at least one of said first light source means and said second light source means is an optical frequency variable type longitudinal single mode oscillation laser, and

wherein the optical frequency difference between said first signal light and said second signal light is equal to or approximately equal to the Brillouin frequency shift of said optical fiber to be measured.

10. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 9, further comprising means for changing the polarization state of at least one of said first signal light and said second signal light.

11. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 9, wherein said first signal light emitted by said first light source means is modulated by a pseudo-random modulation.

12. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 11, wherein said pseudo-random modulation is a binary ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying).

13. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 11, wherein said pseudo-random modulation is an FSK (Frequency Shift Keying), and the optical frequency difference Δ

f between said first signal light and second signal light is equal to or approximately equal to the Brillouin frequency shift when said FSK takes a mark signal, and is separated from the Brillouin frequency shift by more than the Brillouin gain bandwidth in the optical fiber to be measured when said FSK takes a space signal.

14. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 13, wherein said FSK is binary,

15. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber as claimed in claim 9, wherein the oscillation linewidth of at least one of said tint light source means and said second light source means is greater than the Brillouin gain bandwidth of said optical fiber to be measured. .Iadd.16. A system for evaluating properties of an optical fiber of claim 9, further comprising an optical frequency filter which receives light from said multi-demultiplexing means and passes said second signal light but not said first signal light, to said photo detecting means. .Iaddend.