Binary phase shift keying modulation system and/or frequency multiplier
First Claim
1. A BPSK Modulator circuit, comprising:
- a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means having first and second leg outputs, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means;
first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors or their equivalent, respectively, each having an emitter, and a base or the equivalent, said base of said first transistor in circuit with said first output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in circuit with said second output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -".
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Abstract
A low cost spread spectrum modulator for BPSK, or Binary Phase Shift Keying capable of outputting the high modulation rate and suppressed carrier output needed in spread spectrum systems. The present invention provides high quality BPSK modulation without the double balance mixers as required in the prior art, thereby dispensing with the necessity of complex transistor/potonciometer or diode/transformer arrangements. The present invention provides BPSK modulation utilizing only one transformer, which can be adjusted for carrier suppression and two transistors. FET'"'"'s, or digital logic gates or the like, allowing the present system to be driven from low power CMOS logic levels, yet producing eight db of gain. The present invention may also be utilized as a frequency multiplier, with the utilization of the appropriately high frequency transistor, FET, digital logic gate, or the like.
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Citations
32 Claims
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1. A BPSK Modulator circuit, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means having first and second leg outputs, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors or their equivalent, respectively, each having an emitter, and a base or the equivalent, said base of said first transistor in circuit with said first output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in circuit with said second output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -".
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2. A BPSK Modulator circuit having a tunable slug or core to adjust carrier suppression in a spread spectrum system, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means having first and second leg outputs, and a tunable slug or core in communication with said first and second induction means, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors, respectively, each having an emitter, a collector, and a base, said base of said first transistor in circuit with said first output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in circuit with said second output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -".
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3. A BPSK Modulator circuit utilizing a loosely coupled transformer to adjust carrier suppression in a spread spectrum system, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means loosely coupled with said first induction means, said second induction means having first and second leg output, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; first and second capacitors, said first capacitor in parallel circuit with said carrier input leg and grounded output leg of said first induction means, said second capacitor in parallel circuit with said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means, first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors, respectively, each having an emitter, a collector, and a base, said base of said first transistor in serial circuit with said first leg output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in serial circuit with said second leg output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -". - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 25)
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6. A BPSK Modulator circuit having a tightly coupled transformer having no center tap and a single parallel resonate capacitor on the secondary to provide BPSK modulation, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means tightly coupled to said first induction means, said second induction means having first and second leg outputs, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; band pass filter means for filtering harmonic suppression from said transformer, said band pass filter means further comprising a resonate capacitor in parallel circuit with said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means; first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors, respectively, each having an emitter, a collector, and a base, said base of said first transistor in circuit with said first leg output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in circuit with said second output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -". - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 26)
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9. second inductor, receiving said "MOD -"..!.11. A frequency multiplier circuit utilizing a loosely coupled transformer to adjust carrier suppression, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means loosely coupled with said first induction means, said second induction means having first and second leg output, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; first and second capacitors, said first capacitor in parallel circuit with said carrier input leg and grounded output leg of said first induction means, said second capacitor in parallel circuit with said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means, phase section means configured to modulate via input of said of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said phase selection means having a Ft >
1 GHZ, and further comprising an emitter, and first and second bases or the equivalent, said first base in circuit with said first output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said second base in circuit with said second output of said second inductor,
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10. receiving said "MOD -". 12. The method of modulating a carrier between a 0 degree phase shift and a 180 degree phase shift, comprising the following steps:
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a. providing a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, and second induction means having first and second leg outputs, and a tunable slug or core in communication with said first and second induction means; b. tuning said slug or core such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; c. providing first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors, respectively, each having an emitter, a collector, and a base; d. configuring said base of said first transistor in circuit with said first output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in circuit with said second output leg of
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11. said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -". 13. The method of utilizing a loosely coupled transformer to adjust carrier suppression, modulating a carrier signal between a 0 degree phase shift and a 180 degree phase shift, comprising the following steps:
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a. providing a transformer, said transformer further comprising an inductor having first induction means having a carrier input leg, an output leg, and windings, and second induction means having first and second leg outputs and windings; b. coupling said windings of said first and second induction means to a >
0.6 and <
0.3 coupling coefficient;c. modulating said inductor at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; d. providing first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors, respectively, each having an emitter, a collector, and a base; e. configuring said base of said first transistor in circuit with said first output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in circuit with said second output leg of
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14. outputs of said second induction means. 18. A BPSK modulator comprising:
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a center tapped transformer having first and second primary legs, said center tapped transformer having a secondary; amplification means coupled to both first and second primary legs of said center tapped transformer; selection means, coupled through said amplification means to said center tapped transformer, said selection means driven by a BPSK data input, for enabling one of the first and second primary legs of said center tapped transformer; and coupling means attached to said secondary of said center tapped transformer
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17. means provides frequency multiplication. 21. A BPSK modulator comprising:
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a plurality of logic gates, each logic gate coupled to a primary leg of a transformer, to provide amplification; selection means, responsive to a BPSK data input, to enable one of said plurality of logic gates; and coupling means to yield a BPSK modulating carrier signal on a secondary of
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20. provides frequency multiplication. 24. A frequency multiplier circuit, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means having first and second leg outputs, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulate at opposite phases of 180 degrees and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative to a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; and phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said phase selection means having a Ft >
1 GHz, and further comprising an emitter, and first and second bases or the equivalent, said first base in circuit with said first leg output of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD +", said second base in circuit with said second leg output of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD -". . .25. A frequency multiplier circuit, comprising;a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means having first and second leg outputs, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulate at opposite phases of 180 degrees and 0 degrees forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative to a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; and phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said phase selection means having a Ft >
1 GHz, and further comprising an emitter, and first and second bases or the equivalent, said first base in circuit with said first output of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD +", said second base in circuit with said second output of said second induction means,
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21. receiving said "MOD -"..!.26. A frequency multiplier circuit utilizing a loosely coupled transformer to adjust, carrier suppression, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means loosely coupled with said first induction means, said second induction means having first and second leg outputs, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulate at opposite phases of 180 degrees and 0 degrees forming "MOD -" and "MOD -", respectively, relative to a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; first and second capacitors, said first capacitor in parallel circuit with said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means; and phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said phase selection means having a Ft >
1 GHz, and further comprising an emitter, and first and second bases or the equivalent, said first base in circuit with said first output of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD +", said second base in circuit with said second output of said second induction means, - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19)
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22. receiving said "MOD -". 27. The method of multiplying a carrier to provide a higher frequency harmonic, comprising the following steps:
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a. providing a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, and second induction means having first and second leg outputs, and a tunable slug or core in communication with said first and second induction means; b. tuning said slug or core such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; c. providing phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said . .of said.!. first and second outputs of said second induction means, said phase selection means having a Ft >
1 GHZ, and further comprising an emitter, and first and second bases or the equivalent, said first base in circuit with said first output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said second base in circuit with said second output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -"; andd. configuring said first base in circuit with said first output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", and said second base in circuit with said second output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -", multiplying the carrier to provide a higher frequency
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23. harmonic. 28. The method of utilizing a loosely coupled transformer to adjust carrier suppression, modulating a carrier signal between a 0 degree phase shift and a 180 degree phase shift, and multiplying a carrier to provide a higher frequency harmonic, comprising the following steps:
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a. providing a transformer, said transformer further comprising an inductor having first induction means having a carrier input leg, an output leg, and windings, and second induction means having first and second leg outputs and windings; b. coupling said windings of said first and second induction means to a >
0.6 and <
0.3 coupling coefficient;c. modulating said inductor at opposite phases of 180 degrees and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative to a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; d. providing phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said . .of said.!. first and second outputs of said second induction means, said phase selection means having a Ft >
1 GHZ, and further comprising an emitter, and first and second bases or the equivalent, said first base in circuit with said first output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", said second base in circuit with said second output of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -".e. configuring said first base in circuit with said first output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD +", and said second base in circuit with said second output leg of said second inductor, receiving said "MOD -", multiplying the carrier to provide a higher frequency
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24. harmonic. 29. A BPSK Modulator circuit having a fixed transformer and a variable tuning capacitor, the fixed transformer and variable tuning capacitor to adjust carrier suppression in a spread spectrum system, comprising:
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a transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, second induction means having first and second leg outputs, a fixed transformer, and a variable tuning capacitor, the fixed transformer in communication with said first and second induction means, said transformer configured such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulate at opposite phases of 180 degrees and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative to a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; and first and second phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said first and second phase selection means further comprising first and second load transistors, respectively, each having an emitter, a collector, and a base, said base of said first transistor in circuit with said first output let of said, second induction means, receiving said "MOD +", said base of said second transistor in circuit with said second output of said second
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27. said first and second induction means. 32. The method of multiplying a carrier to provide a higher frequency harmonic, comprising the following steps:
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a. providing a fixed transformer, said transformer further comprising first induction means having a carrier input leg and an output leg, and second induction means having first and second leg outputs, and a variable tuning capacitor, said fixed transformer in communication with said first and second induction means; b. tuning fixed transformer and variable tuning capacitor such that said first and second leg outputs of said second induction means modulates at opposite phases of 180 degrees and 0 degrees, forming "MOD +" and "MOD -", respectively, relative a carrier signal supplied to said carrier input of said first induction means; c. providing phase selection means configured to modulate via input of said of said first and second outputs of said second induction means, said phase selection means having a Ft >
1 GHZ and further comprising an emitter, and first and second bases or the equivalent, said first base in circuit with said first output of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD +", said second base in circuit with said second output of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD -"; andd. configuring said first base in circuit with said first output leg of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD +", and said second base in circuit with said second output leg of said second induction means, receiving said "MOD -", multiplying the carrier to provide a higher
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28. frequency harmonic. .Iadd.33. A binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulator comprising:
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a transformer including a primary and a secondary, said primary having two legs for receiving a carrier signal via each of two logic gates, respectively and said secondary outputting a BPSK modulated carrier; and selection means responsive to a BPSK input signal, for alternately enabling the two logic gates to pass said carrier signal via each of said two legs to said secondary. .Iaddend..Iadd.34. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, wherein the two logic gates are biased to operate in a linear region. .Iaddend..Iadd.35. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, wherein the two logic gates are transistors each of which is biased to operate in a non-linear region. .Iaddend..Iadd.36. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, wherein the two logic gates are selectively enabled to produce a harmonic of the carrier signal. .Iaddend..Iadd.37. A BPSK modulator according to claim 36, wherein each of the two logic gates is biased to
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29. produce a predetermined harmonic of said carrier. .Iaddend..Iadd.38. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, wherein the transformer further comprises:
means for tuning the transformer to select a predetermined output carrier frequency, including at least one of a capacitor in parallel with the primary and a capacitor in parallel with said secondary. .Iaddend..Iadd.39. A BPSK modulator according to claim 36, wherein each of said two logic gates provides amplification of said carrier signal. .Iaddend..Iadd.40. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, wherein the transformer is loosely coupled and tuned to produce a predetermined output carrier frequency. .Iaddend..Iadd.41. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, further comprising amplification means for providing amplification of the enabled gate logic carrier signal. .Iaddend..Iadd.42. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, wherein the selection means is enabled to source or sink current. .Iaddend..Iadd.43. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33,
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30. wherein the primary further includes a center tap. .Iaddend..Iadd.44. A BPSK modulator according to claim 33, wherein a first leg and a second leg of said two legs are 180°
- out of phase with one another. .Iaddend..Iadd.45. A method for modulating a carrier frequency signal by using a transformer to produce a zero degree phase shift and a 180 degree phase shift of the carrier frequency signal, said method comprising the steps of;
selectively enabling a zero degree input leg of the transformer in response to a first binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signal; selectively enabling a 180 degree input leg of the transformer in response to a second BPSK signal; and supplying a carrier signal to the transformer via said zero degree input leg and said 180 degree input leg, wherein the zero degree input leg and the 180 degree input leg are alternately selected by said first and second BPSK signals to produce BPSK modulation of said carrier frequency signal at an output of the transformer. .Iaddend..Iadd.46. The method according to claim 45, wherein the steps of selectively enabling each include a step of; biasing a selection means into a linear region of operation. .Iaddend..Iadd.47. The method according to claim 45, wherein each of the steps of selectively enabling each produce a harmonic of the carrier
- out of phase with one another. .Iaddend..Iadd.45. A method for modulating a carrier frequency signal by using a transformer to produce a zero degree phase shift and a 180 degree phase shift of the carrier frequency signal, said method comprising the steps of;
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31. frequency signal. .Iaddend..Iadd.48. The method according to claim 47, wherein the steps of selectively enabling each include a step of:
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biasing a selection means to produce a predetermined harmonic. .Iaddend..Iadd.49. The method according to claim 45, further comprising the step of; tuning the transformer to a predetermined output carrier frequency. .Iaddend..Iadd.50. The method according to claim 49, wherein said step of tuning is performed using at least one of a capacitor on a primary of the transformer and a capacitor on a secondary of the transformer. .Iaddend..Iadd.51. The method according to claim 45, further comprising the step of; amplifying the carrier frequency signal within each of said zero degree input leg and said 180 degree input leg. .Iaddend..Iadd.52. The method according to claim 45, further comprising the step of; loosely coupling and tuning the transformer to a predetermined output carrier frequency. .Iaddend..Iadd.53. The method according to claim 45, further comprising the step of;
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32. amplifying the selectively enabled carrier signal. .Iaddend..Iadd.54. The method according to claim 45, wherein the selection means is enabled to source or sink current. .Iaddend..Iadd.55. The method according to claim 45, wherein the zero degree input leg and the 180°
- input leg are included in a primary of the transformer, said primary having a center tap leg. .Iaddend..Iadd.56. The method, according to claim 45, wherein the steps of selectively enabling each include a step of;
biasing a selection means into a non-linear region of operation. .Iaddend.
- input leg are included in a primary of the transformer, said primary having a center tap leg. .Iaddend..Iadd.56. The method, according to claim 45, wherein the steps of selectively enabling each include a step of;
Specification