Signal processing method and apparatus
First Claim
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1. In a method for determining analyte levels for displaying glucose levels in blood using near infrared techniques including the steps of:
- measuring glucose levels of a parameter related to blood using near infra-red optical techniques to provide a set of signals representing spectral data, said spectral data including spectral components resulting from physical properties of an environment in which measurement takes place which components interfere with the measured data; and
processing said .[.spectra-representing.]. signals .Iadd.representing spectral data .Iaddend.having said interfering spectral components by;
removing the effect of constant analyte contribution by subtracting signals representing average spectra of replicate groups of said spectral data to form signals representing modified spectra representing variable interference information;
determining signals representing component spectra of said modified spectral signals by bilinear model analysis;
determining signals representing the magnitude of each said component spectra contained in each original spectrum and .[.applying these signals representing magnitudes to signals representing component spectra.]. .Iadd.multiplying these signals representing component spectra by data values of signals representing magnitudes .Iaddend.to develop signals representing interference spectra; and
removing said signals representing the resulting interference spectra from said signals representing said original spectra for producing corrected spectral signals representing said spectral data of glucose blood levels with said interference components removed.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for the determination of spectral samples is disclosed wherein spectral measurements are taken, normalization of the spectral measurements takes place, and a bilinear modeling is performed to extract spectral data. Once this data is derived, the interference quantitization levels are determined using multiple linear regression analysis, and are then removed from the sample readings in order to determine a more precise level of analyte spectra, such as analyte levels of glucose in serum or whole blood.
10 Citations
10 Claims
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1. In a method for determining analyte levels for displaying glucose levels in blood using near infrared techniques including the steps of:
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measuring glucose levels of a parameter related to blood using near infra-red optical techniques to provide a set of signals representing spectral data, said spectral data including spectral components resulting from physical properties of an environment in which measurement takes place which components interfere with the measured data; and processing said .[.spectra-representing.]. signals .Iadd.representing spectral data .Iaddend.having said interfering spectral components by; removing the effect of constant analyte contribution by subtracting signals representing average spectra of replicate groups of said spectral data to form signals representing modified spectra representing variable interference information; determining signals representing component spectra of said modified spectral signals by bilinear model analysis; determining signals representing the magnitude of each said component spectra contained in each original spectrum and .[.applying these signals representing magnitudes to signals representing component spectra.]. .Iadd.multiplying these signals representing component spectra by data values of signals representing magnitudes .Iaddend.to develop signals representing interference spectra; and removing said signals representing the resulting interference spectra from said signals representing said original spectra for producing corrected spectral signals representing said spectral data of glucose blood levels with said interference components removed.
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2. Apparatus for processing signals representing measured spectral data for removing effects of spectral components which interfere with said measured data in determining analyte levels and in displaying glucose levels in blood using near infrared techniques comprising:
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means for measuring glucose levels of a parameter related to blood using near infrared optical techniques to provide a set of signals representing spectral data, said spectral data including spectral components resulting from physical properties of an environment in which measurement takes place which components interfere with the measured data; means for processing said spectra-representing signals having said interfering spectral components including; a subtractor for removing the effect of constant analyte contribution by subtracting signals representing .[.the.]. average spectra of replicate groups of said spectral data to form signals representing modified spectra representing variable interference information; a components analyzer for determining representative signals of component spectra of said modified spectra by bilinear model analysis; an analyzer for determining signals representing the magnitude of each said component spectra contained in each original spectrum and .[.means for applying these magnitude-representing signals to the component spectra.]. .Iadd.a multiplier for multiplying data values of said representative signals of component spectra by data values of said signals representing the magnitude of each said component spectra .Iaddend.to develop signals representing interference spectra; and a combiner for removing said signals representing the resulting interference spectra from said signals representing said original spectra for producing corrected spectral signals representing said spectral data of glucose blood levels with said interference components removed. .Iadd.
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3. A method for processing signals representing measured spectral data obtained from a sensor that measures physical phenomena, said measured spectral data including a desired spectral data component and interference spectral data components which interfere with the desired spectral data component, in order to remove effects of said interference spectral data components thereof which interfere with said desired spectral data component, said method comprising the steps of:
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combining interference component spectral signals representing said interference spectral data components and a reference spectral signal representing reference spectral data by means of linear modeling to modify said interference component spectral signals such that they represent modified interference component spectral data which are orthogonal with respect to said reference spectral data; analyzing signals representing each individual spectrum of said measured spectral data by linear modeling with respect to said signals representing these modified, reference-orthogonal interference spectral data components to determine the magnitude of each said modified, reference-orthogonal interference spectral data component comprising said individual spectrum of said measured spectral data and providing representative signals thereof; using signals representing said magnitudes to scale the magnitude of the signals representing the original unmodified interference spectral data components, and removing said scaled signals representing the interference spectral data components from signals representing said each individual spectrum of said measured spectral data thereby producing corrected signals representing said measured spectral data with said interference spectral data components removed. .Iaddend..Iadd.4. The method of claim 3 wherein said reference spectral data is representative of said desired spectral data component. .Iaddend..Iadd.5. The method of claim 3 wherein the interference component spectral signals are derived by performing bilinear model analysis on signals representing spectral data that comprise little or none of said desired spectral data component. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 6)
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9. representing measured spectral data. .Iaddend..Iadd.24. An apparatus for processing signals representing measured spectral data for removing effects of spectral data components which interfere with said measured spectral data, said apparatus comprising:
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a subtractor for removing constant analyte spectral data effects by subtracting signals representing the average spectral data of replicate groups of said measured spectral data to form signals representing modified spectral data representing variable interference information; a components analyzer for determining representative signals of component spectral data of said modified spectral data by bilinear model analysis; an analyzer for determining magnitude-representing signals representing the magnitude of each said component spectral data contained in each original measured spectral data and a multiplier for using these magnitude-representing signals to scale said component spectral data to develop signals representing interference spectral data; and a combiner for removing signals representing the resulting interference spectral data from signals representing said original measured spectral data for producing corrected spectral signals representing said measured spectral data with said interference components removed. .Iaddend..Iadd.25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said analyzer includes; means for combining signals representing of said component spectral data with signals representing known reference spectral data to modify said component spectral signals such that they are orthogonal to the signals of the known reference spectra and means for analyzing each signal representing the original measured spectral data to determine signals representing the magnitudes of each modified, reference-orthogonal component contained in them for then using these magnitude-representing signals to scale the original component spectral data to develop signals representing interference spectra.
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- 10. Iaddend..Iadd. 6. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said apparatus includes a sensor that measures physical phenomena and provides signals representing measured spectral data. .Iaddend.
Specification