Self-clocking glyph shape codes

• US RE38,758 E1
• Filed: 06/18/2001
• Issued: 07/19/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Tow, Robert F., Flores, L. Prasadam, Hecht, David L., Bloomberg, Dan S.
• Primary Examiner(s): FUREMAN, JARED
• Application Number:
  US09/884,759
• Time in Patent Office: 1,492 Days
• Field of Search: 235/494, 235/456, 235/454, 235/487, 235/470, 235/462.08, 235/462.28, 235/493, 235/462.01, 382/181, 382/203, 382/257, 382/195, 382/198, 382/177, 382/317, 382/175
• US Class Current: 235/494
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06037 multi-dimensional coding
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0166 by means of clock-signals derived from the code marks, e.g. self-clocking code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/143 Glyph-codes

Abstract

This invention provides self-clocking glyph shape codes for encoding digital data in the shapes of glyphs that are suitable for printing on hardcopy recording media. Advantageously, the glyphs are selected so that they tend not to degrade into each other when they are degraded and/or distorted as a result, for example, of being photocopied, transmitted via facsimile, and/or scanned-in to an electronic document processing system. Moreover, for at least some applications, the glyphs desirably are composed of printed pixel patterns containing nearly the same number of ON pixels and nearly the same number of OFF pixels, such that the code that is rendered by printing such glyphs on substantially uniformly spaced centers appears to have a generally uniform texture. In the case of codes printed at higher spatial densities, this texture is likely to be perceived as a generally uniform gray tone. Binary image processing and convolution filtering techniques for decoding such codes also are disclosed, but this application focuses on the codes.

Claims

1. A method for storing digital values of predetermined bit length, n, in a machine readable format on a hardcopy recording medium, said method comprising the steps of

encoding each of said digital values in a corresponding one of 2ⁿ physically distinct, distinctive, rotationally variant, substantially equal surface area, individually discriminable glyph shapes to generate a set of mutually independent glyph shapes that vary in accordance with said digital values, and

writing said set of glyph series on said recording medium in a predetermined logical order and in accordance with a predetermined spatial formatting pattern for storing said digital values in a self-clocking code.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein

said digital values are single bit values, and

said glyph shapes are elongated along axes that are tilted at angles of approximately plus and minus 45°

with respect to a reference axis for distinguishing different ones of said digital values from each other.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein

said reference axis extends substantially horizontally with respect to said recording medium.

5. The method of any of claims 1-4 wherein

said glyph shapes are defined by respective two dimensional pixel arrays of predetermined size, each of which contains a predetermined number of ON pixels and a predetermined number of OFF pixels, and

said spatial pattern is spatially periodic.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein

said pixel arrays are written on said recording medium in spatially abutting relationship, such that said code has a generally uniform, textured appearance.

7. The method of any of claims 1-4 wherein

said glyph shapes are of substantially uniform macroscopic appearance, and

said spatial pattern is spatially periodic.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein

said glyph shapes are written on said recording medium at a sufficiently high spatial density to impart a generally uniform, textured appearance to said code.

4. The method for storing digital values of predetermined bit length, n, in a machine readable format on a hardcopy recording medium, said method comprising the steps of

encoding each of said digital values in a corresponding one of 2ⁿ distinctive, rotationally invariant, substantially equal surface area, individually discriminable glyph shapes to generate a set of mutually independent glyph shapes that vary in accordance with said digital values, and

writing said set of glyph shapes on said recording medium in a predetermined logical order and in accordance with a predetermined spatial formatting pattern for storing said digital values in a self-clocking code.

9. A method for storing digital values of predetermined bit length, n, in a machine readable format on a hardcopy recording medium, said method comprising:

providing a hardcopy record, said hardcopy recording medium being encoded with a self-clocking code composed of spatially distributed glyphs that are written on said recording medium in a predetermined logical order in accordance with a predetermined spatial pattern for encoding digital values of predetermined length, n, in the respective glyphs, said glyphs conforming to selected ones of 2ⁿ physically distinct, distinctive, rotationally variant, substantially equal surface area, individually discriminable glyph shapes; and

copying said machine readable code on said hardcopy recording medium onto another hardcopy recording medium.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein said glyph shapes are defined by respective two dimensional pixel arrays of predetermined size, each of which contains a predetermined number of ON pixels and a predetermined number of OFF pixels, and said spatial pattern is spatially periodic.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said pixel arrays are written on said recording medium in spatially abutting relationship, such that said code has a generally uniform, textured appearance.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein said glyph shapes are of substantially uniform macroscopic appearance, and said spatial pattern is spatially periodic.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said glyph shapes are written on said recording medium at a sufficiently high spatial density to impart a generally uniform, textured appearance to said code.

10. A method for storing digital values of predetermined bit length, n, in a machine readable format on a hardcopy recording medium, said method comprising:

providing a hardcopy record, said hardcopy recording medium being encoded with a self-clocking code composed of spatially distributed glyphs that are written on said recording medium in a predetermined logical order in accordance with a predetermined spatial pattern for encoding digital values of predetermined bit length, n, in the respective glyphs, said glyphs conforming to selected ones of 2ⁿ physically distinct, distinctive, rotationally invariant, substantially equal surface area, individually discriminable glyph shapes; and

copying said machine readable code on said hardcopy recording medium onto another hardcopy recording medium.

15. A glyph code reader, comprising:

a scanner for scanning images on a hardcopy recording medium; and

a processor for isolating a glyph code image from a scanned images, said glyph code image comprising glyph shapes storing digital values a predetermined bit length, n, in a machine readable format, in a self-clocking code, said glyph shapes being written on said recording medium in a predetermined logical order and in accordance with a predetermined spatial formatting pattern, each of said digital values being encoded in a corresponding one of 2ⁿ physically distinct, distinctive, rotationally variant, substantially equal surface area, individually discriminable glyph shapes to generate a set of mutually independent glyph shapes that vary in accordance with said digital values, said for converting the glyph shapes into the digital values.

17. The reader of claim 15, wherein said glyph shapes are defined by respective two dimensional pixel arrays of predetermined size, each of which contains a predetermined number of ON pixels and a predetermined number of OFF pixels, and said spatial pattern is spatially periodic.

18. The reader of claim 17, wherein said pixel arrays are written on said recording medium in spatially abutting relationship, such that said code has a generally uniform, textured appearance.

19. The reader of claim 15 wherein said glyph shapes are of substantially uniform macroscopic appearance, and said spatial pattern is spatially periodic.

20. The reader of claim 19, wherein said glyph shapes are written on said recording medium at a sufficiently high spatial density to impart a generally uniform, textured appearance to said code.

16. A glyph code reader, comprising:

a scanner for scanning images on a hardcopy recording medium; and

a processor for isolating a glyph code image from the scanned images, said glyph code image comprising glyph shapes storing digital values of predetermined bit length, n, in a machine readable format, in a self-clocking code, said glyph shapes being written on said recording medium in a predetermined logical order and in accordance with a predetermined spatial formatting pattern, each of said digital values being encoded in a corresponding one of 2ⁿ physically distinct, distinctive, rotationally invariant, substantially equal surface area, individually discriminable glyph shapes to generate a set of mutually independent glyph shapes that vary in accordance with said digital values, and for converting the glyph shapes into the digital values.