Pinned photodiode photodetector with common buffer transistor and binning capability

• US RE41,340 E1
• Filed: 09/21/2006
• Issued: 05/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 08/19/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Round Rock Research LLC
• Original Assignee: Micron Technology, Inc.
• Inventors: Krymski, Alexander, Fossum, Eric R., Berezin, Vladimir
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Dao H
• Application Number:
  US11/524,495
• Time in Patent Office: 1,335 Days
• Field of Search: 257/232, 257/233, 257/292, 348/296, 348/307, 438/57, 438/59
• US Class Current: 438/57
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/487 Extracting wanted echo signals , e.g. pulse detection
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14601 Structural or functional details thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14609 Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements scanning details of imagers (circuitry of solid-state image sensors H04N25/00); circuitry of imagers H04N25/70
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14643 Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers

Abstract

A lock in pinned photodiode photodetector includes a plurality of output ports which are sequentially enabled. Each time when the output port is enabled is considered to be a different bin of time. A specified pattern is sent, and the output bins are investigated to look for that pattern. The time when the pattern is received indicates the time of flight.A CMOS active pixel image sensor includes a plurality of pinned photodiode photodetectors that share buffer transistors. In one configuration, the charge from two or more pinned photodiodes may be binned together and applied to the gate of a shared buffer transistor.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

accumulating photocarriers in each of a plurality of photocarrier integrators and successively enabling each of said plurality of photocarrier integrators to connect to a common photodiode, each of said photocarrier integrators connecting to said common photodiode through a respective photodiode output port, said plurality of photocarrier integrators accumulating photocarriers generated by said photodiode during different time periods from one another.

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein said enabling comprises actuating a gate that is connected between each said photocarrier integrator and said photodiode.

3. A method as in claim 2, further comprising, after said enabling, detecting a number of carriers accumulated in said photodiode during at least two of said time periods by detecting the number of photocarriers accumulated in at least two said photodetector integrators.

4. A method as in claim 2, wherein said photodiode is a pinned photodiode, and further comprising, after said enabling, detecting a number of carriers accumulated in said pinned photodiode during at least two of said time periods by detecting the number of photocarriers accumulated in at least two said photocarrier integrators.

5. A method as in claim 1, wherein there are four of said photocarrier integrators, and said successively enabling comprises using a first photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarrier between times 0 and π

/2, a second photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times π

/2 and π

;

a third photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times π and

3π

/2, and a fourth photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times 3π

/2 and 2π

.

6. A method as in claim 1, further comprising detecting a phase shift of light received by said photodiode by detecting accumulated charge in at least two photocarrier integrators.

7. A method, comprising:

generating photocarriers in a photodiode within a pixel during a plurality of time periods;

accumulating photocarriers in each of a plurality of photocarrier integrators within said pixel such that each photocarrier integrator accumulates photocarriers generated during a time period different from a time period in which the photocarrier integrators accumulate photocarriers; and

sampling said photocarriers from said photocarrier integrators;

determining a range of an object using said sampled photocarriers.

8. A method as in claim 7, further comprising controlling each of said photocarrier integrators to be connected to said photodiode during said different time period.

9. A method as in claim 8, wherein said controlling comprises enabling a gate, said gate being connected to said photodiode and to one of said photocarrier integrators.

10. A method as in claim 9, wherein there are four of said photocarrier integrators, and wherein said enabling comprises successively enabling a first photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times 0 and π

/2, a second photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times π

/2 and π

;

a third photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times π and

3π

/2, and a fourth photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times 3π

/2 and 2π

.

11. A method as in claim 7, wherein there are four of said photocarriers integrators, and said sampling comprises sampling photo carriers which are 90 degrees out of phase with one another.

12. A method, comprising:

sampling a plurality of different samples of light in a photodiode, each of said plurality of different samples being 90 degrees out of phase with one another; and

successively gating photocarriers representing each of said different samples from said photodiode through a respective output port, each output port associated with a respective photocarrier integrator, such that each photocarrier integrator accumulates a different sample than other of said photocarrier integrators.

13. A method as in claim 12, further comprising detecting a phase shift using said samples of light.

14. A method as in claim 12, wherein there are four different gates connected to said photodiode each gating a different sample.

15. A method as in claim 12, wherein there are four photocarrier integrators, and wherein said act of gating comprises successively enabling a first photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times 0 and π

/2, a second photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times π

/2 and π

;

a third photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times π and

3π

/2, and a fourth photocarrier integrator to accumulate photocarriers between times 3π

/2 and 2π

.

16. A method of operating a range finding sensor, the method comprising:

providing a plurality of photodiodes, each photodiode having a first output port for switchably coupling each respective photodiode to a first photocarrier integrator in a same pixel as said photodiode and a second output port for switchably coupling each photodiode to a second photocarrier integrator in a same pixel as said photodiode;

generating first photocarriers in said photodiodes in response to light received during a first time period;

transferring said first photocarriers to respective first photocarrier integrators via said first output ports;

generating said photocarriers in said photodiodes in response to light received during a second time period; and

transferring said second photocarriers to respective second photocarrier integrators via said second output ports.

17. A method as in claim 16, further comprising outputting said first photocarriers from first photocarrier integrators and outputting said second photocarriers from second photocarrier integrators.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the act of outputting said first photocarriers comprises summing outputs of all of said first photocarrier integrators, and wherein the act of outputting said second photocarriers comprises summing outputs of all of said second photocarrier integrators.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising counting the amount of photocarriers in said first photocarriers integrator and counting the amount of said second photocarriers in said second photocarrier integrator.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising determining a range of an object using the results of said acts of counting.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein said act of providing a plurality of photodiodes includes providing said plurality of photodiodes within a common pixel.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein said act of transferring said first photocarriers comprises transferring said first photocarriers to respective first output drains by operating first gates connected to said photodiodes and said first output drains, and wherein said act of transferring said second photocarriers comprises transferring said second photocarriers to respective second output drains by operating second gates connected to said photodiodes and said second output drains.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein each photodiode further has a third output port for switchably coupling each photodiode to a third photocarrier integrator in a same pixel as said photodiode and a fourth output port for switchably coupling each photodiode to a fourth photocarrier integrator in a same pixel as said photodiode, and further comprising:

generating third photocarriers in said photodiodes in response to light received during a third time period;

transferring said third photocarriers to respective third photocarrier integrators via said first output ports;

generating fourth photocarriers in said photodiodes in response to light received during a fourth time period; and

transferring said fourth photocarriers to respective fourth photocarrier integrators via said fourth output ports.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising outputting said first photocarriers from said first photocarrier integrators, outputting said second photocarriers from said second photocarrier integrators, outputting said third photocarriers from said third photocarrier integrators, and outputting said fourth photocarriers from said fourth photocarrier integrators.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the act of outputting said first photocarriers comprises summing outputs of all of said first photocarrier integrators, wherein the act of outputting said second photocarriers comprises summing outputs of all of said second photocarrier integrators, wherein the act of outputting said third photocarriers comprises summing outputs of all of said third photocarrier integrators, and wherein the act of outputting said fourth photocarriers comprises summing outputs of all of said fourth photocarrier integrators.

26. A method, comprising:

sampling a plurality of different samples of light in a photodiode, each of said plurality of different samples being out of phase with one another; and

successively gating photocarriers representing each of said different samples from said photodiode through a respective output port, each output port associated with a respective photocarrier integrator, such that each photocarrier integrator accumulates a different sample than other of said photocarrier integrators.