Flow-through oxygenator
DCFirst Claim
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1. A method for treating waste water comprising;
- providing a flow-through oxygenator comprising an emitter for electrolytic generation of microbubbles of oxygen comprising an anode separated at a critical distance from a cathode and a power source all in electrical communication with each other,placing the emitter within a conduit; and
passing waste water through the conduit.
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Abstract
An oxygen emitter which is an electrolytic cell is disclosed. When the anode and cathode are separated by a critical distance, very small microbubbles and nanobubbles of oxygen are generated. The very small oxygen bubbles remain in suspension, forming a solution supersaturated in oxygen. A flow-through model for oxygenating flowing water is disclosed. The use of supersaturated water for enhancing the growth of plants is disclosed. Methods for applying supersaturated water to plants manually, by drip irrigation or in hydroponic culture are described. The treatment of waste water by raising the dissolved oxygen with the use of an oxygen emitter is disclosed.
65 Citations
84 Claims
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1. A method for treating waste water comprising;
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providing a flow-through oxygenator comprising an emitter for electrolytic generation of microbubbles of oxygen comprising an anode separated at a critical distance from a cathode and a power source all in electrical communication with each other, placing the emitter within a conduit; and passing waste water through the conduit.
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2. An emitter for electrolytic generation of microbubbles of oxygen in an aqueous medium comprising:
- an anode separated at a critical distance from a cathode, a nonconductive spacer maintaining the separation of the anode and cathode, the nonconductive spacer having a spacer thickness between 0.005 to 0.050 inches such that the critical distance is less than 0.060 inches and a power source all in electrical communication with each other, wherein the critical distance results in the formation of oxygen bubbles having a bubble diameter less than 0.0006 inches, said oxygen bubbles being incapable of breaking the surface tension of the aqueous medium such that said aqueous medium is supersaturated with oxygen.
- View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method for treating water comprising:
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providing a flow-through oxygenator comprising an emitter for electrolytic generation of bubbles of oxygen, the emitter including; a tubular housing having a water inlet, a water outlet, and a longitudinal water flow axis from the inlet to the outlet; at least two electrodes comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes being positioned in the tubular housing, the first electrode opposing and separated from the second electrode by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches within the tubular housing; each electrode of the emitter is positioned so that substantially all points midway between all opposing electrodes are closer to a surface of the tubular housing than to a center point within the tubular housing and so that at least some water may flow from the water inlet to the water outlet without passing through a space between electrodes of opposite polarity separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; a power source in electrical communication with the electrodes, the power source configured to deliver a voltage to the electrodes, the voltage being less than or equal to 28.3 volts, the power source being configured to deliver a current to the electrodes, the current being less than or equal to 12.8 amps; passing water through the tubular housing while electrical current is applied to the electrodes producing oxygen in said water via electrolysis. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. An emitter for electrolytic generation of bubbles of oxygen in water, the emitter comprising:
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a tubular housing defining an oxygenation chamber and having a water inlet, a water outlet, a longitudinal water flow axis from the inlet to the outlet, and an inward-facing surface that runs parallel to the water flow axis and defines at least in part the oxygenation chamber; at least two electrodes comprising an outside electrode and an inside electrode, the outside and inside electrodes being positioned in the oxygenation chamber, said outside and inside electrodes extending in a direction that is parallel to the longitudinal axis, the outside electrode opposing and separated from the inside electrode by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches within the chamber, wherein the position and size of each electrode within the chamber defines a cross-section of the chamber that has a water flow area within the oxygenation chamber through which water may flow without passing between electrodes of opposite polarity that are separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches, wherein the water flow area is greater than an area at the cross-section equal to the total area between electrodes of opposite polarity that are separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches, wherein at least a portion of the outside electrode positioned in the chamber is closer to the inward-facing surface of the oxygenation chamber than to a longitudinal center axis of the oxygenation chamber; and a power source in electrical communication with the outside and inside electrodes, the power source configured to deliver a voltage to the outside and inside electrodes, the voltage being less than or equal to 28.3 volts, the power source being configured to deliver a current to the outside and inside electrodes, the current being less than or equal to 12.8 amps. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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35. A method for treating water comprising:
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providing a flow-through oxygenator comprising an emitter for electrolytic generation of bubbles of oxygen, the emitter including; a tubular housing defining an oxygenation chamber and having a water inlet, and a water outlet; at least two electrodes comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes being positioned in the oxygenation chamber, the first electrode opposing and separated from the second electrode by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches, a portion of at least one of the first and second electrodes being in contact with at least one wall of the tubular housing, said wall defining at least in part the oxygenation chamber, wherein each electrode is positioned within the oxygenation chamber so that a cross section of the oxygenation chamber includes a water flow area that allows water to avoid passing between electrodes separated by 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; a power source in electrical communication with the first and second electrodes, the power source configured to deliver a voltage to the first and second electrodes, the voltage being less than or equal to 28.3 volts, the power source being configured to deliver a current to the first and second electrodes, the current being less than or equal to 12.8 amps; passing water through the tubular housing while electrical current is applied to the first and second electrodes to produce oxygen in said water via electrolysis. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47)
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48. A method for treating water comprising:
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providing a flow-through oxygenator comprising an emitter for electrolytic generation of bubbles of oxygen, the emitter including; a tubular housing defining an oxygenation chamber, said housing having an inward-facing surface that defines at least in part the oxygenation chamber, the tubular housing having a water inlet, and a water outlet; at least two electrodes comprising an outside electrode and an inside electrode, the outside and inside electrodes being positioned in the oxygenation chamber, said outside and inside electrodes extending in a direction that runs parallel to the inward-facing surface, the outside and inside electrodes being outside and inside electrodes respectively in that the outside and inside electrodes are positioned relative to each other so that the outside electrode is closer to the inward-facing surface of the chamber than the inside electrode is and so that the inside electrode is closer to the longitudinal center axis than the outside electrode is, the outside electrode opposing and separated from the inside electrode by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches within the chamber; wherein each electrode of the emitter is positioned closer to the inward-facing surface of the chamber than to a midpoint of the tubular housing and so that at least some water may flow through an unobstructed passageway from the water inlet to the water outlet without passing through a space between electrodes of opposite polarity separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; passing water through the oxygenation chamber while applying electrical current to the electrodes to produce oxygen in said water via electrolysis. - View Dependent Claims (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59)
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60. An emitter for electrolytic generation of bubbles of oxygen in water, the emitter comprising:
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a tubular oxygenation chamber, said chamber having an outer wall that runs parallel to a longitudinal center axis of the chamber, said chamber having a water inlet and a water outlet, at least two electrodes comprising an outside electrode and an inside electrode, the outside and inside electrodes being positioned in the oxygenation chamber, the outside and inside electrodes being outside and inside electrodes respectively in that the electrodes are positioned relative to each other so that the outside electrode is closer to the outer wall of the chamber than the inside electrode is and so that the inside electrode is closer to the longitudinal center axis than the outside electrode is, the outside electrode opposing and separated from the inside electrode by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; the at least two electrodes being positioned away from the center axis and maintaining a longitudinal, unobstructed passageway parallel to and including the center axis that runs for at least the length of the at least two electrodes positioned within the chamber, the unobstructed passageway having a substantially uniform cross-sectional area along that length, the at least two electrodes being positioned so that water may flow from the water inlet to the water outlet without passing through a space between electrodes of opposite polarity separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; wherein the outside electrode defines a cross-sectional area between the outside electrode and the outer wall of the chamber that is substantially less than said cross-sectional area of the unobstructed passageway. - View Dependent Claims (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66)
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67. A method for treating water comprising:
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providing a flow-through oxygenator comprising an emitter for electrolytic generation of bubbles of oxygen, the emitter including; a tubular housing defining an oxygenation chamber and having a water inlet, a water outlet, a longitudinal water flow axis from the inlet to the outlet, and an inward-facing surface that runs parallel to the water flow axis and defines at least in part the oxygenation chamber; at least two electrodes comprising an outside electrode and an inside electrode, the outside and inside electrodes being positioned in the oxygenation chamber, said outside and inside electrodes extending in a direction that is parallel to the longitudinal axis, the outside electrode opposing and separated from the inside electrode by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches within the chamber, wherein the position and size of each electrode within the chamber defines a cross-section of the chamber that has a water flow area within the oxygenation chamber through which water may flow without passing between electrodes of opposite polarity that are separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches, wherein the water flow area is greater than an area at the cross-section equal to the total area between electrodes of opposite polarity that are separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; and a power source in electrical communication with the outside and inside electrodes, the power source configured to deliver a voltage to the outside and inside electrodes, the voltage being less than or equal to 28.3 volts, the power source being configured to deliver a current to the outside and inside electrodes, the current being less than or equal to 12.8 amps; passing water through the oxygenation chamber while electrical current is applied to the outside and inside electrodes within the chamber to produce oxygen in said water via electrolysis. - View Dependent Claims (68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76)
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77. A method for treating water comprising:
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providing a flow-through oxygenator comprising an emitter for electrolytic generation of bubbles of oxygen, the emitter including; a tubular oxygenation chamber, said chamber having an outer wall that runs parallel to a longitudinal center axis of the chamber, said chamber having a water inlet and a water outlet; at least two electrodes comprising an outside electrode and an inside electrode, the outside and inside electrodes being positioned in the oxygenation chamber, the outside and inside electrodes being outside and inside electrodes respectively in that the outside and inside electrodes are positioned relative to each other so that the outside electrode is closer to the outer wall of the chamber than the inside electrode is and so that the inside electrode is closer to the longitudinal center axis than the outside electrode is, the outside electrode opposing and separated from the inside electrode by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; the at least two electrodes of the emitter being positioned away from the longitudinal center axis and maintaining a longitudinal, unobstructed passageway parallel to and including the longitudinal center axis that runs for at least the length of the at least two electrodes positioned within the chamber, the unobstructed passageway having a substantially uniform cross-sectional area along that length, the at least two electrodes of the emitter being positioned so that water may flow from the water inlet to the water outlet without passing through a space between electrodes of opposite polarity separated by a distance of between 0.005 inches to 0.140 inches; wherein the outside electrode defines a cross-sectional area between the outside electrode and the outer wall of the chamber that is substantially less than said cross-sectional area of the unobstructed passageway; and passing water through the oxygenation chamber while applying electrical current to the outside and inside electrodes to produce oxygen in said water via electrolysis. - View Dependent Claims (78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84)
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Specification