Channel carrying multiple digital subcarriers

• US 10,014,975 B2
• Filed: 09/28/2012
• Issued: 07/03/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Infinera Corp.
• Original Assignee: Infinera Corp.
• Inventors: Krause, David James, Sun, Han, Wu, Yuejian, McNicol, John D., Wu, Kuang-Tsan
• Primary Examiner(s): Sefcheck, Gregory
• Assistant Examiner(s): ULYSSE, JAEL M
• Application Number:
  US13/630,630
• Publication Number:
  US 20140092924A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,104 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/02 Wavelength-division multiplex systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0298 with sub-carrier multiplexing [SCM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0305 in end terminals

Abstract

An optical system includes a transmitter module and/or a receiver module. The transmitter module is configured to receive input data, map the input data to a set of subcarriers associated with an optical communication channel, independently apply spectral shaping to each of the subcarriers, generate input values based on the spectral shaping of each of the subcarriers, generate voltage signals based on the input values, modulate light based on the voltage signals to generate an output optical signal that includes the subcarriers, and output the output optical signal. The receiver module is configured to receive the output optical signal, convert the output optical signal to a set of voltage signals, generate digital samples based on the set of voltage signals, independently process the digital samples for each of the subcarriers, map the processed digital samples to produce output data, and output the output data.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

a digital signal processor including;

a forward error correction encoder that receives the input stream of data and outputs an encoded stream of data;

a demultiplexer component, the demultiplexer component receiving the encoded stream of data and outputting a plurality of groups of bits; and

a plurality of transmitters, each of which including;

a respective one of a plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits, and a respective one of a plurality of filter circuits,

each of the plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits receiving a respective one of a plurality of input symbols, each of the plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits supplying a respective one of a plurality of frequency domain data, each of the plurality of input symbols being indicative of a respective one of the plurality of groups of the bits,

each of of the plurality of filter circuits receiving a corresponding one of a plurality of inputs, each of the plurality of inputs to the plurality of filter circuits being indicative of a respective one of the plurality of the plurality of frequency domain data, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of a filter outputs, and

an inverse fast Fourier transform circuit that operates on data included in the plurality of filter outputs to provide a time domain output,

a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit that receives a digital input indicative of the time domain output of the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, the DAC circuit supplying analog outputs;

a laser that supplies light; and

a modulator circuit that receives the analog outputs and modulates the light based on the analog outputs to supply an output optical signal that includes a plurality of subcarriers, each of the plurality of subcarriers having a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra, such that each of the plurality of frequency spectra does not overlap with one another in frequency, wherein the plurality of subcarriers is provided to an optical link, the digital signal processor introducing a timing skew among the plurality of subcarriers to correct skew induced by the optical link.

2. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein, the digital signal processor further including a multiplexer component that receives the plurality of filter outputs and supplies the data to the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, the timing skew being introduced by at least one of the multiplexer component, the demultiplexer component, and the plurality of transmitters.

3. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor and the DAC circuit are implemented as an application specific integrated circuit.

4. A system in accordance with claim 1, further including a photonic integrated circuit, the laser and the modulator circuit being included in the photonic integrated circuit.

5. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor further including a multiplexer component that receives the plurality of filter outputs and supplies the data to the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit.

6. A system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising:

a receiver including;

a detector,

a local oscillator configured to generate a local oscillator signal,

a mixer configured to;

receive the local oscillator signal from the local oscillator and the output optical signal, and combine the local oscillator signal and the output optical signal to generate a resulting optical signal, and output the resulting optical signal to the detector, the detector providing a set of voltage signals based on the resulting optical signal,

an analog-to-digital converter configured to;

receive the set of voltage signals from the detector, and

generate digital samples based on the set of voltage signals; and

a receiver processor configured to;

receive the digital samples from the analog-to-digital converter, process the digital samples to produce output data, and output the output data.

7. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plurality of filter circuits is configured to determine a corresponding one of a plurality of spectra, such that each of the plurality of subcarriers has a respective one of the plurality of spectra.

8. A system, comprising:

an analog to digital converter circuit that receives a voltage signal and outputs a plurality of samples, the voltage signal corresponding to an optical signal having a plurality of subcarriers, each of the plurality of subcarriers having a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra, such that each of the plurality of frequency spectra does not overlap with one another in frequency; and

a digital signal processor that receives the first plurality of samples, the digital signal processor including;

a fast Fourier transform (FFT) circuit that receives the plurality of samples and supplies a frequency domain FFT output,

a demultiplexer that receives the frequency domain FFT output and provides demultiplexer outputs,

a plurality of filter circuits, each of which receiving a corresponding one of filter inputs, the plurality of filter inputs being based on the demultiplexer outputs, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of filter outputs, and

a plurality of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of a plurality of IFFT inputs, each of the plurality of IFFT inputs being indicative of a corresponding one of the filter outputs, each of the plurality of IFFT circuits supplying a respective one of IFFT outputs, wherein the plurality of subcarriers propagate over an optical link, the digital signal processor introducing a de-skew that corrects skew induced by the optical link or from a digital signal processor provided in a transmitter that outputs the optical signal.

9. A system in accordance with claim 8, wherein a number of the plurality of inverse fast Fourier transform circuits is equal to a number of the plurality of subcarriers.

10. A system in accordance with claim 8, further including a symbol to bits component that receives symbols indicative of the IFFT outputs, the symbol to bits component outputting bits corresponding to symbols.

11. A system in accordance with claim 10, further including a multiplexer that receives inputs indicative of the bits.

12. A system in accordance with claim 11, further including a forward error correction decoder that receives an output of the multiplexer.

13. A system in accordance with claim 8, further including:

a local oscillator that supplies an optical output;

a hybrid mixer that receives and mixes the optical output of the local oscillator and the optical signal; and

a detector circuit that receives the optical signal and generates the voltage signal.

14. A system in accordance with claim 8, further including a polarization mode dispersion (PMD) equalization component that applies PMD equalization to one of the plurality of filter outputs.

15. A system in accordance with claim 14, wherein the PMD equalized plurality of filter outputs are supplied as the plurality of IFFT inputs.

16. A system in accordance with claim 8, further including carrier recovery circuits, that receive carrier recovery inputs indicative of the IFFT outputs, the carrier recovery circuits compensating phase and frequency differences between the optical output of the local oscillator and the optical signal including the plurality of subcarriers.

17. A system in accordance with claim 8, wherein a number of the plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits is equal to a number of the plurality of subcarriers.

18. A system in accordance with claim 8, wherein the digital signal processor includes:

a plurality of receivers, each of which including a respective one of the plurality of filter circuits and a respective one of the plurality of IFFT circuits; and

a multiplexer that receives a plurality of multiplexer inputs, each of which being indicative of a corresponding one of the plurality of IFFT outputs,

wherein the de-skew is introduced by at least one of (i) the plurality of receivers and (ii) the multiplexer.

19. A system, comprising:

a digital signal processor that receives an input stream of data, the digital signal processor including;

a forward error correction encoder that receives the input stream of data and outputs an encoded stream of data;

a demultiplexer component receiving the encoded stream of data and outputting a plurality of groups of bits, the demultiplexer component having a plurality of outputs;

a plurality of bits-to-symbol circuits, each of which being coupled to a respective one of the plurality of outputs of the demultiplexer component, each of the plurality of bits-to-symbol circuits providing a respective one of a plurality of symbols based on a corresponding one of the plurality of groups of bits;

a plurality of buffer circuits, each of which receiving a corresponding one of the plurality of symbols, each of the plurality of buffer circuits storing a respective one of the plurality of the plurality of symbols;

a plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of a plurality of symbols output from a respective one of the plurality of buffer circuits, each of the plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits supplying frequency domain data;

a plurality of replicator circuits that receive and replicate the frequency domain data;

a plurality of filter circuits that receive the replicated frequency domain data, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of a filter outputs,

a multiplexer component that combines the plurality of filter outputs and supplies a multiplexer output; and

an inverse fast Fourier transform circuit that operates on the multiplexer output to supply a time domain output,

a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit that receives a digital input indicative of the time domain output of the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, the DAC circuit supplying analog outputs;

a laser that supplies light; and

a modulator circuit that receives the analog outputs and modulates the light based on the analog outputs to supply an output optical signal that includes a plurality of subcarriers, each of the plurality of subcarriers having a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra, such that each of the plurality of frequency spectra does not overlap with one another in frequency, wherein the plurality of subcarriers is provided to an optical link, the digital signal processor introducing a timing skew that corrects skew induced by the optical link.

20. A system, comprising:

an analog to digital converter circuit that receives a voltage signal and outputs a plurality of samples, the input signal corresponding to an optical signal having a plurality of subcarriers, each of the plurality of subcarriers having a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra, such that each of the plurality of frequency spectra does not overlap with one another in frequency; and

a digital signal processor that receives the first plurality of samples, the digital signal processor including;

a fast Fourier transform (FFT) circuit that receives the plurality of samples and supplies a frequency domain FFT output,

a demultiplexer that receives the frequency domain FFT output and provides demultiplexer outputs,

a plurality of filter circuits, each of which receiving a corresponding one of filter inputs, the plurality of filter inputs being based on the demultiplexer outputs, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of filter outputs,

a plurality of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) equalization circuits, each of which applying PMD equalization to a corresponding one of the plurality of filter outputs;

a plurality of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of a plurality of IFFT inputs, each of the plurality of IFFT inputs being indicative of an output of a respective one of the plurality of PMD equalization circuits, each of the plurality of IFFT circuits supplying a respective one of IFFT outputs;

a take-last circuit that selects a subset of the IFFT outputs;

a plurality of carrier recovery circuits, each of which supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of a plurality of symbols based one a corresponding IFFT output of the selected subset of IFFT outputs;

a plurality of symbols-to-bits circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of the plurality of symbols and supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of groups of bits;

a multiplexer that combines the plurality of groups of bits at an output; and

a forward error correction (FEC) decoder that receives the plurality of groups of bits output from the multiplexer and outputs decoded data, wherein the plurality of subcarriers propagate on an optical link, the digital signal processor introducing a de-skew that corrects skew induced by the optical link or from a digital signal processor provided in a transmitter that outputs the optical signal.

21. A system, comprising:

a digital signal processor that receives an input stream of data, the digital signal processor including;

a forward error correction encoder that receives the input stream of data and outputs an encoded stream of data;

a demultiplexer component, the demultiplexer component receiving the encoded stream of data and outputting a plurality of groups of bits;

a plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of a plurality of input symbols, each of the plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits supplying a respective one of a plurality of frequency domain data, each of the plurality of input symbols being indicative of a respective one of the plurality of groups of the bits;

a plurality of filter circuits, each of which receiving a corresponding one of a plurality of inputs, each of the plurality of inputs to the plurality of filter circuits being indicative of a respective one of the plurality of the plurality of frequency domain data, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of a filter outputs, and

an inverse fast Fourier transform circuit that operates on data included in the plurality of filter outputs to provide a time domain output,

a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit that receives a digital input indicative of the time domain output of the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, the DAC circuit supplying analog outputs;

a laser that supplies light; and

a modulator circuit that receives the analog outputs and modulates the light based on the analog outputs to supply an output optical signal including a plurality of subcarriers, such that the output optical signal is provided to an optical fiber, each of the plurality of subcarriers output to the optical fiber has a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra that do not overlap with one another in frequency.

22. A receiver, comprising:

an analog to digital converter circuit that receives a voltage signal and outputs a plurality of samples, the voltage signal corresponding to an optical signal that is input to an optical fiber, the optical signal including a plurality of subcarriers, such that the optical signal is transmitted on the optical fiber, each of the plurality of subcarriers input to the optical fiber has a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra that do not overlap with one another in frequency; and

a digital signal processor that receives the first plurality of samples, the digital signal processor including;

a fast Fourier transform (FFT) circuit that receives the plurality of samples and supplies a frequency domain FFT output,

a demultiplexer that receives the frequency domain FFT output and provides demultiplexer outputs,

a plurality of filter circuits, each of which receiving a corresponding one of filter inputs, the plurality of filter inputs being based on the demultiplexer outputs, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of filter outputs, and

a plurality of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of a plurality of IFFT inputs, each of the plurality of IFFT inputs being indicative of a corresponding one of the filter outputs, each of the plurality of IFFT circuits supplying a respective one of IFFT outputs.

23. A system, comprising:

a digital signal processor that receives an input stream of data, the digital signal processor including;

a forward error correction encoder that receives the input stream of data and outputs an encoded stream of data;

a demultiplexer component receiving the encoded stream of data and outputting a plurality of groups of bits, the demultiplexer component having a plurality of outputs;

a plurality of bits-to-symbol circuits, each of which being coupled to a respective one of the plurality of outputs of the demultiplexer component, each of the plurality of bits-to-symbol circuits providing a respective one of a plurality of symbols based on a corresponding one of the plurality of groups of bits;

a plurality of buffer circuits, each of which receiving a corresponding one of the plurality of symbols, each of the plurality of buffer circuits storing a respective one of the plurality of the plurality of symbols;

a plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of a plurality of symbols output from a respective one of the plurality of buffer circuits, each of the plurality of fast Fourier transform circuits supplying frequency domain data;

a plurality of replicator circuits that receive and replicate the frequency domain data;

a plurality of filter circuits that receive the replicated frequency domain data, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of a filter outputs,

a multiplexer component that combines the plurality of filter outputs and supplies a multiplexer output; and

an inverse fast Fourier transform circuit that operates on the multiplexer output to supply a time domain output,

a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit that receives a digital input indicative of the time domain output of the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, the DAC circuit supplying analog outputs;

a laser that supplies light; and

a modulator circuit that receives the analog outputs and modulates the light based on the analog outputs to supply an output optical signal including a plurality of subcarriers, such that the output optical signal is provided to an optical fiber, each of the plurality of subcarriers output to the optical fiber has a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra that do not overlap with one another in frequency.

24. A receiver, comprising:

an analog to digital converter circuit that receives a voltage signal and outputs a plurality of samples, the voltage signal corresponding to an optical signal that is input to an optical fiber, the optical signal including a plurality of subcarriers, such that the optical signal is transmitted on the optical fiber, each of the plurality of subcarriers input to the optical fiber has a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency spectra that do not overlap with one another in frequency; and

a digital signal processor that receives the first plurality of samples, the digital signal processor including;

a fast Fourier transform (FFT) circuit that receives the plurality of samples and supplies a frequency domain FFT output,

a demultiplexer that receives the frequency domain FFT output and provides demultiplexer outputs,

a plurality of filter circuits, each of which receiving a corresponding one of filter inputs, the plurality of filter inputs being based on the demultiplexer outputs, each of the plurality of filter circuits supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of filter outputs,

a plurality of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) equalization circuits, each of which applying PMD equalization to a corresponding one of the plurality of filter outputs;

a plurality of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of a plurality of IFFT inputs, each of the plurality of IFFT inputs being indicative of an output of a respective one of the plurality of PMD equalization circuits, each of the plurality of IFFT circuits supplying a respective one of IFFT outputs;

a take-last circuit that selects a subset of the IFFT outputs;

a plurality of carrier recovery circuits, each of which supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of a plurality of symbols based one a corresponding IFFT output of the selected subset of IFFT outputs;

a plurality of symbols-to-bits circuits, each of which receiving a respective one of the plurality of symbols and supplying a corresponding one of a plurality of groups of bits;

a multiplexer that combines the plurality of groups of bits at an output; and

a forward error correction (FEC) decoder that receives the plurality of groups of bits output from the multiplexer and outputs decoded data.