Piezo based force sensing

• US 10,120,478 B2
• Filed: 10/28/2014
• Issued: 11/06/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Filiz, Sinan, Huppi, Brian Q., Butler, Christopher J., Grunthaner, Martin P., Shahparnia, Shahrooz, Kang, Sunggu, Wang, Kai
• Primary Examiner(s): Rosario, Nelson
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hughes, Eboni
• Application Number:
  US15/032,038
• Publication Number:
  US 20160306481A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,470 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/144 with associated circuitry G01L1/146 and G01L1/148 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/146 for measuring force distributions, e.g. using force arrays G01L1/148 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/16 using properties of piezoelectric devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04105 Pressure sensors for measuring the pressure or force exerted on the touch surface without providing the touch position
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04106 Multi-sensing digitiser, i.e. digitiser using at least two different sensing technologies simultaneously or alternatively, e.g. for detecting pen and finger, for saving power or for improving position detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04144 using an array of force sensing means position sensing using the local deformation of sensor cells G06F3/0447
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04166 Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving Synchronisation with the driving of the display or the backlighting unit to avoid interferences generated internally G06F3/04184
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0445 using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0446 using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/962 Capacitive touch switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/964 Piezoelectric touch switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/9643 using a plurality of detectors, e.g. keyboard
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2017/9602 characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/96031 Combination of touch switch and LC display
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/960735 characterised by circuit details
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/960755 Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 30/302 Sensors

Abstract

Systems for detecting an amount and/or location of a force applied to a device using a piezoelectric film are provided. One example system can include a transparent piezoelectric film for generating an electric charge in response to a deformation of the film. Electrodes positioned on opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric film can be used to detect the generated electric charge and determine an amount and/or location of force applied to the film based on the generated electric charge. In another embodiment, the system can include a capacitive touch sensor for determining a location of a touch event on the device.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a cover;

a piezoelectric layer disposed below the cover;

a first electrode layer disposed in a grid and coupled to a lower surface of the piezoelectric layer;

a second electrode layer disposed in a first pattern coupled to an upper surface of the piezoelectric layer;

a third electrode layer disposed in a second pattern oriented perpendicular to the first pattern and positioned between the cover and the piezoelectric layer;

a touch sensor coupled to the third electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the touch sensor operable to detect a change in capacitance between the third electrode layer and the second electrode layer corresponding to a touch or proximity input event provided to the cover; and

a sense circuitry coupled to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the sense circuitry operable to;

detect an electric charge generated by the piezoelectric layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; and

estimate a magnitude of force exerted on the cover based on the electric charge.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric layer comprises a transparent film.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a display disposed above or below the piezoelectric layer.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein:

the display is coupled to the piezoelectric layer by a first layer of optically clear adhesive; and

the piezoelectric layer is coupled to the cover by a second layer of optically clear adhesive.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the first electrode layer is disposed to define a first pattern;

the second electrode layer is disposed to define a second pattern; and

the first and second patterns are different.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the first electrode layer comprises a first sheet of conductive material coupled to ground; and

the second electrode layer comprises a second sheet of conductive material coupled to the sense circuitry.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the sense circuitry comprises a plurality of sense circuits;

the first electrode layer comprises a sheet of conductive material coupled to ground; and

the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of discrete electrodes, each discrete electrode coupled to a different sense circuit of the plurality of sense circuits.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the sense circuitry comprises a plurality of sense circuits;

the first electrode layer comprises a first plurality of discrete electrodes, each discrete electrode of the first plurality of discrete electrodes coupled to ground; and

the second electrode layer comprises a second plurality of discrete electrodes, each discrete electrode of the second plurality of discrete electrodes coupled to a different sense circuit of the plurality of sense circuits.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of rows of conductive material; and

the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of columns of conductive material.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of rows of conductive material is coupled to ground, and wherein the plurality of columns of conductive material is coupled to the sense circuitry.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the piezoelectric layer is located on a first side of a display;

the third electrode layer is located on a second side of a display;

a fourth electrode layer is separated from the third electrode layer and positioned further from the display than the third electrode layer;

wherein

the third and fourth electrode layers are operably coupled to the cover and closer to the cover than the first and second sets of electrode layer.

12. A system comprising:

a first piezoelectric layer;

a second piezoelectric layer coupled to the first piezoelectric layer;

a cover coupled to the second piezoelectric layer by a first layer of adhesive;

a first electrode layer coupled to the first piezoelectric layer and disposed in a first linear pattern;

a second electrode layer coupled between the first and second piezoelectric layers disposed in a grid pattern;

a third electrode layer coupled between the second piezoelectric layer and the cover, and disposed in a second linear pattern oriented perpendicular to the first linear pattern; and

a sense circuitry operable to detect an electric charge generated by the first and second piezoelectric layers in response to a deformation of the first and second piezoelectric layers and determine a magnitude and a location of an exerted force based on the electric charge.

13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a display coupled to the first piezoelectric layer by a second layer of adhesive.

14. A system comprising:

a piezoelectric layer;

a touch sensor coupled to the piezoelectric layer by a first layer of adhesive;

a cover coupled to the piezoelectric layer by a second layer of adhesive;

a first electrode layer coupled to the piezoelectric layer and disposed in a first linear pattern;

a second electrode layer coupled between the piezoelectric layer and the touch sensor and disposed in a second linear pattern perpendicular to the first linear pattern; and

sense circuitry operable to detect an electric charge generated by the piezoelectric layer in response to a deformation of the piezoelectric layer and output an estimated magnitude of force exerted on the cover based on the electric charge.

15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a display coupled to the piezoelectric layer by a second layer of adhesive.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the touch sensor comprises a plurality of drive electrode layer and a plurality of sense electrode layer.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the first electrode layer comprises a first sheet of conductive material, and wherein the second electrode layer comprises a second sheet of conductive material.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first sheet of conductive material is coupled to ground, and wherein the second sheet of conductive material is coupled to the sense circuitry.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein the first sheet of conductive material is coupled to the sense circuitry, and wherein the second sheet of conductive material is coupled to ground.