Smart grid management

• US 10,160,339 B2
• Filed: 08/16/2016
• Issued: 12/25/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NIO Technology Company Limited (Shanghai Anbin Technology Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Nio Usa Inc.
• Inventors: Ricci, Christopher P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Antonucci, Anne M
• Assistant Examiner(s): LaRose, Renee
• Application Number:
  US15/237,937
• Publication Number:
  US 20170136911A1
• Time in Patent Office: 861 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/32 Driving direction
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/62 Vehicle position
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/50 by future state prediction
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/54 Energy consumption estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/64 Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/3469 Fuel consumption; Energy use; Emission aspects
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/12 : Remote or cooperative charging
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

A control system for a power grid includes a grid load availability evaluator that determines, for a selected time interval, an amount of electrical energy from a power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable electric vehicles by a plurality of charging segments positioned along transportation routes in a transportation network and a switching fabric to regulate, over the selected time interval, the electrical energy provided by the charging segments in accordance with the determined amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable vehicles.

Claims

1. A control system for a power grid, comprising:

a processor; and

a non-transitory computer readable medium, coupled to the processor, comprising processor executable instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to;

determine, for a selected time interval, an amount of electrical energy from a power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable electric vehicles by a plurality of charging segments, the charging segments being positioned along transportation routes in a transportation network; and

regulate, via a switching fabric and over the selected time interval, the electrical energy provided by the charging segments in accordance with the determined amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable vehicles,

wherein the determined amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable vehicles is dependent upon one or more of current power consumption levels by grid users other than rechargeable electric vehicles, historical power consumption levels by rechargeable electric vehicles and/or other grid users, and a number of rechargeable electric vehicles currently on the transportation network.

2. The control system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the charging segments is positioned in at least one of the transportation routes in which the rechargeable vehicles are intended to be in motion so that the at least one of the charging segments charges the rechargeable vehicles while in motion.

3. The control system of claim 2, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:

identify rechargeable electric vehicles currently using the transportation network and tracks a last known position in the transportation network of each of the identified rechargeable electric vehicles; and

direct the identified rechargeable electric vehicles to one of the charging segments to receive a charge, thereby load balancing the rechargeable electric vehicles over the plurality of charging segments.

4. The control system of claim 2, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:

communicate with each of the rechargeable electric vehicles to obtain information regarding one or more of identity of the owner or operator of the rechargeable electric vehicle, residence of the rechargeable electric vehicle owner or operator, utility account of the rechargeable electric vehicle owner or operator, type of the rechargeable electric vehicle, priority level of the rechargeable electric vehicle, make and/or model of the rechargeable electric vehicle, current charge level of the rechargeable energy storage of the rechargeable electric vehicle, current charging requirement of the rechargeable energy storage of the rechargeable electric vehicle, destination of the rechargeable electric vehicle, purpose of the current travel of the rechargeable electric vehicle, spatial location of the rechargeable electric vehicle relative to a charging segment, an electronic calendar of an operator of the vehicle, a normal schedule for the operator, and number of occupants of the rechargeable electric vehicle,

determine, for each rechargeable electric vehicle, one or more of an amount of electrical charge stored by the rechargeable electric vehicle and an amount of charge currently required by the rechargeable electric vehicle; and

direct, based on the one or more of an amount of electrical charge stored by the rechargeable electric vehicle and an amount of charge currently required by the rechargeable electric vehicle, each of the rechargeable electric vehicles to one of the charging segments to receive a charge, thereby load balancing the rechargeable electric vehicles over the plurality of charging segments.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to:

determine a current energy usage for all grid users, including rechargeable electric vehicles, and/or estimates future usage over the selected time interval for all grid users; and

set, based on the relative priorities of different classes of grid users, a budget for each class of grid users, the rechargeable electric vehicles being a class of grid users and the budget for each class of grid users being an amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used by the class of grid users over the selected time interval.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions to cause the processor:

estimate available power contributions from rechargeable electric vehicles to the power grid over the selected time interval; and

provide the estimated available power contribution to the grid load availability evaluator for use in determining the budgets for each class of grid users.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer readable medium further comprises instructions to cause the processor to:

determine an amount of electrical energy so far consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the selected time interval, a number of rechargeable electric vehicles requesting a charge during the selected time interval, a number of rechargeable electric vehicles that have received a charge during the selected time interval, and/or a historic amount of electrical energy consumed by rechargeable electric vehicle charging over a historic time interval; and

estimate, based on the one or more of the amount of electrical energy so far consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the selected time interval, number of rechargeable electric vehicles requesting a charge during the selected time interval, number of rechargeable electric vehicles that have received a charge during the selected time interval, and/or historic amount of electrical energy consumed by rechargeable electric vehicle charging over a historic time interval, a likely amount of power from the grid to be consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the remainder of the selected time interval.

8. A method, comprising:

determining for a selected time interval, by a processor executing instructions on a non-transitory computer readable medium, an amount of electrical energy from a power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable electric vehicles by a plurality of charging segments, the charging segments being positioned along transportation routes in a selected transportation network; and

providing, by a switching fabric, over the selected time period the determined amount of electrical energy to charge rechargeable vehicles,

wherein the determined amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable vehicles depends upon one or more of current power consumption levels by grid users other than rechargeable electric vehicles, historical power consumption levels by rechargeable electric vehicles and/or other grid users, and a number of rechargeable electric vehicles currently on the selected transportation network.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein at least one of the charging segments is positioned in at least one of the transportation routes in which the rechargeable vehicles are intended to be in motion so that the at least one of the charging segments charges the rechargeable vehicles while in motion.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

identifying, by the processor, rechargeable electric vehicles currently using the transportation network and tracking a last known position in the transportation network of each of the identified rechargeable electric vehicles; and

directing, by the processor, the identified rechargeable electric vehicles to one of the charging segments to receive a charge, thereby load balancing the rechargeable electric vehicles over the plurality of charging segments.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

communicating, by the processor, with each of the rechargeable electric vehicles to obtain information regarding one or more of identity of the owner or operator of the rechargeable electric vehicle, residence of the rechargeable electric vehicle owner or operator, utility account of the rechargeable electric vehicle owner or operator, type of the rechargeable electric vehicle, priority level of the rechargeable electric vehicle, make and/or model of the rechargeable electric vehicle, current charge level of the rechargeable energy storage of the rechargeable electric vehicle, current charging requirement of the rechargeable energy storage of the rechargeable electric vehicle, destination of the rechargeable electric vehicle, purpose of the current travel of the rechargeable electric vehicle, spatial location of the rechargeable electric vehicle relative to a charging segment, an electronic calendar of an operator of the vehicle, a normal schedule for the operator, and number of occupants of the rechargeable electric vehicle;

determining, by the processor for each rechargeable electric vehicle, one or more of an amount of electrical charge stored by the rechargeable electric vehicle and an amount of charge currently required by the rechargeable electric vehicle; and

directing, by the processor based on the one or more of an amount of electrical charge stored by the rechargeable electric vehicle and an amount of charge currently required by the rechargeable electric vehicle, each of the rechargeable electric vehicles to one of the charging segments to receive a charge, thereby load balancing the rechargeable electric vehicles over the plurality of charging segments.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining, by the processor, includes:

determining a current energy usage for all grid users, including rechargeable electric vehicles, and/or estimates future usage over the selected time interval for all grid users; and

setting, based on the relative priorities of different classes of grid users, a budget for each class of grid users, the rechargeable electric vehicles being a class of grid users and the budget for each class of grid users being an amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used by the class of grid users over the selected time interval.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

estimating, by the processor available power contributions from rechargeable electric vehicles to the power grid over the selected time interval; and

providing the estimated available power contribution to the grid load availability evaluator for use in determining the budgets for each class of grid users.

14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

determining, by the processor, an amount of electrical energy so far consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the selected time interval, a number of rechargeable electric vehicles requesting a charge during the selected time interval, a number of rechargeable electric vehicles that have received a charge during the selected time interval, and/or a historic amount of electrical energy consumed by rechargeable electric vehicle charging over a historic time interval; and

estimating, by the processor and based on the one or more of the amount of electrical energy so far consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the selected time interval, number of rechargeable electric vehicles requesting a charge during the selected time interval, number of rechargeable electric vehicles that have received a charge during the selected time interval, and/or historic amount of electrical energy consumed by rechargeable electric vehicle charging over a historic time interval, a likely amount of power from the grid to be consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the remainder of the selected time interval.

15. A control system for a rechargeable vehicle charging network, comprising:

a processor; and

a non-transitory computer readable medium, coupled to the processor, comprising processor executable instructions that, when executed, program the processor to;

control a switching fabric that regulates, over the selected time period, electrical energy provided by a plurality of charging segments in accordance with a determined amount of electrical energy from a power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable vehicles;

identify rechargeable electric vehicles currently using a transportation network that includes the charging segments and track a last known position in the transportation network of each of the identified rechargeable electric vehicles; and

direct the identified rechargeable electric vehicles to one of the charging segments to receive a charge, thereby load balancing the rechargeable electric vehicles over the plurality of charging segments.

16. The control system of claim 15, wherein the determined amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable vehicles is dependent upon one or more of current power consumption levels by grid users other than rechargeable electric vehicles, historical power consumption levels by rechargeable electric vehicles and/or other grid users, and number of rechargeable electric vehicles currently on the transportation network and wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that program the processor to:

determine, for a selected time period, an amount of electrical energy from a power grid that can be used to charge rechargeable electric vehicles by a plurality of charging segments, the charging segments being positioned along transportation routes in the transportation network.

17. The control system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the charging segments is positioned in at least one of the transportation routes in which the rechargeable vehicles are intended to be in motion so that the at least one of the charging segments charges the rechargeable vehicles while in motion.

18. The control system of claim 16, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that program the processor to:

determine a current energy usage for all grid users, including rechargeable electric vehicles, and/or estimates future usage over the selected time interval for all grid users; and

set, based on the relative priorities of different classes of grid users, a budget for each class of grid users, the rechargeable electric vehicles being a class of grid users and the budget for each class of grid users being an amount of electrical energy from the power grid that can be used by the class of grid users over the selected time interval.

19. The control system of claim 18, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that program the processor to:

estimate available power contributions from rechargeable electric vehicles to the power grid over the selected time interval and provide the estimated available power contribution to the grid load availability evaluator for use in determining the budgets for each class of grid users.

20. The system of claim 16, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that program the processor to:

determine an amount of electrical energy so far consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the selected time interval, a number of rechargeable electric vehicles requesting a charge during the selected time interval, a number of rechargeable electric vehicles that have received a charge during the selected time interval, and/or a historic amount of electrical energy consumed by rechargeable electric vehicle charging over a historic time interval; and

estimate, based on the one or more of the amount of electrical energy so far consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the selected time interval, number of rechargeable electric vehicles requesting a charge during the selected time interval, number of rechargeable electric vehicles that have received a charge during the selected time interval, and/or historic amount of electrical energy consumed by rechargeable electric vehicle charging over a historic time interval, a likely amount of power from the grid to be consumed by rechargeable electric vehicles over the remainder of the selected time interval.

21. The control system of claim 15, wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that program the processor to:

communicate with each of the rechargeable electric vehicles to obtain information regarding one or more of identity of the owner or operator of the rechargeable electric vehicle, residence of the rechargeable electric vehicle owner or operator, utility account of the rechargeable electric vehicle owner or operator, type of the rechargeable electric vehicle, priority level of the rechargeable electric vehicle, make and/or model of the rechargeable electric vehicle, current charge level of the rechargeable energy storage of the rechargeable electric vehicle, current charging requirement of the rechargeable energy storage of the rechargeable electric vehicle, destination of the rechargeable electric vehicle, purpose of the current travel of the rechargeable electric vehicle, spatial location of the rechargeable electric vehicle relative to a charging segment, an electronic calendar of an operator of the vehicle, a normal schedule for the operator, and number of occupants of the rechargeable electric vehicle;

determine, for each rechargeable electric vehicle, one or more of an amount of electrical charge stored by the rechargeable electric vehicle and an amount of charge currently required by the rechargeable electric vehicle; and

direct, based on the one or more of an amount of electrical charge stored by the rechargeable electric vehicle and an amount of charge currently required by the rechargeable electric vehicle, each of the rechargeable electric vehicles to one of the charging segments to receive a charge, thereby load balancing the rechargeable electric vehicles over the plurality of charging segments.