Controlling charge on a lithium battery of a utility vehicle

• US 10,195,948 B2
• Filed: 03/07/2017
• Issued: 02/05/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Textron Innovations Incorporated (Textron Inc)
• Original Assignee: Textron Innovations Incorporated (Textron Inc)
• Inventors: O'Hara, Luke Anthony, Harvey, Arthur James, Ledden, John, King, Russell William
• Primary Examiner(s): Fantu, Yalkew
• Application Number:
  US15/452,079
• Publication Number:
  US 20180257492A1
• Time in Patent Office: 700 Days
• Field of Search: 320134
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/22 Microcars, e.g. golf cars
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/22 Standstill, e.g. zero speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/00 Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/14 Preventing excessive discharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0032 disconnection of loads if battery is not under charge, e.g. in vehicle if engine is not running
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0036 using connection detecting circuits H02J7/0034 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0068 Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply H02J7/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007 Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/04 : Regulation of charging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A technique controls charge on a lithium battery of a utility vehicle. The technique involves operating electronic circuitry of the utility vehicle in a normal operating mode in which the electronic circuitry charges the lithium battery to a normal charge level. The technique further involves, after operating the electronic circuity in the normal operating mode, transitioning the electronic circuitry from the normal operating mode to a storage mode in which the electronic circuitry is configured to set an amount of charge on the lithium battery to within a predefined storage range (or level) which is lower than the normal charge level. The technique further involves, in response to transitioning the electronic circuitry, adjusting the amount of charge on the lithium battery from an initial charge level which is outside the predefined storage range to an adjusted charge level which is within the predefined storage range.

Claims

1. A control system to control state of charge of a lithium battery of a utility vehicle, the control system comprising:

a lithium battery configured to provide lithium battery power to a set of electrical loads of the utility vehicle; and

electronic circuitry coupled with the lithium battery, the electronic circuitry being configured to;

operate in a normal operating mode in which the electronic circuitry charges the lithium battery of the utility vehicle up to a normal charge level,

after operating in the normal operating mode, transition from the normal operating mode to a storage mode in which the electronic circuitry is configured to set an amount of charge on the lithium battery to within a predefined storage range that is lower than the normal charge level, and

in response to transitioning from the normal operating mode to the storage mode, adjust the amount of charge on the lithium battery from an initial charge level which is outside the predefined storage range to an adjusted charge level which is within the predefined storage range;

wherein the electronic circuitry, when transitioning from the normal operating mode to the storage mode, is configured to;

receive, as user input, a storage mode command from a user input device operated by a user, and

automatically move the electronic circuitry from the normal operating mode to the storage mode in response to the storage mode command.

2. The control system as in claim 1 wherein the user input device is a mode control switch of the utility vehicle;

and wherein the electronic circuitry, when receiving the storage mode command, is configured to;

detect, as the storage mode command, a mode change event in which the user switches the mode control switch from a normal operating mode position to a storage mode position.

3. The control system as in claim 1 wherein the user input device is a transmission switch of the utility vehicle, the transmission switch being equipped with a forward position, a reverse position, a neutral position, and an off position;

and wherein the electronic circuitry, when receiving the storage mode command, is configured to;

detect, as the storage mode command, a predefined series of user-entered transmission settings from the transmission switch in response to the user changing positions of the transmission switch.

4. The control system as in claim 1 wherein the user input device is an external apparatus which communicates wirelessly with the electronic circuitry of the utility vehicle;

and wherein the electronic circuitry, when receiving the storage mode command, is configured to;

detect, as the storage mode command, a wireless communication from the external apparatus.

5. The control system as in claim 1 wherein the user input device is a pedal switch of the utility vehicle;

and wherein the electronic circuitry, when receiving the storage mode command, is configured to;

detect, as the storage mode command, a set of movements of the pedal switch in response to actuation of the pedal switch by the user'"'"'s foot.

6. The control system as in claim 1 wherein the user input device is an external service device which is configured to temporarily connect to the electronic circuitry during utility vehicle servicing;

and wherein the electronic circuitry, when receiving the storage mode command, is configured to;

detect, as the storage mode command, an electronic signal from the external service device while the external service device is temporarily connected to the electronic circuitry.

7. A control system to control state of charge of a lithium battery of a utility vehicle, the control system comprising:

a lithium battery configured to provide lithium battery power to a set of electrical loads of the utility vehicle; and

electronic circuitry coupled with the lithium battery, the electronic circuitry being configured to;

operate in a normal operating mode in which the electronic circuitry charges the lithium battery of the utility vehicle up to a normal charge level,

after operating in the normal operating mode, transition from the normal operating mode to a storage mode in which the electronic circuitry is configured to set an amount of charge on the lithium battery to within a predefined storage range that is lower than the normal charge level, and

in response to transitioning from the normal operating mode to the storage mode, adjust the amount of charge on the lithium battery from an initial charge level which is outside the predefined storage range to an adjusted charge level which is within the predefined storage range;

wherein the electric circuitry, when operating the in the normal operating mode, is configured to;

detect connection of a charger to the utility vehicle, the charger being configured to charge the lithium battery up to the normal charge level while the electronic circuitry is in the normal operating mode.

8. The control system as in claim 7 wherein the electronic circuitry includes a battery management system (BMS) configured to control charging and discharging of the lithium battery and a traction controller configured to control traction of the utility vehicle;

and

wherein the traction controller is further configured to;

sense that the charger is connected to a receptacle of the utility vehicle, and

in response to sensing that the charger is connected to the receptacle, send a charger detection message to the BMS, the charger detection message indicating to the BMS that the charger is connected to the receptacle of the utility vehicle.

9. The control system as in claim 8 wherein the BMS is further configured to:

in response to the charger detection message, start a timer, the BMS being further configured to begin charging the lithium battery if the electronic circuitry does not transition from the normal operating mode to the storage mode within a predefined amount of time after the timer is started.

10. The control system as in claim 9 wherein the traction controller is further configured to:

after the timer is started and before the predefined amount of time elapses since starting the timer, (i) receive a storage mode command from a user, and (ii) in response to the storage mode command, send a storage mode message to the BMS, the storage mode message directing the BMS to transition from a normal operating state to a storage state.

11. The control system as in claim 10 wherein the initial charge level is lower than the predefined storage range;

and wherein the electronic circuitry, when adjusting the amount of charge on the lithium battery, is configured to;

after the BMS has transitioned from the normal operating state to the storage state, charge the lithium battery via the charger until the amount of charge on the lithium battery is within the predefined storage range.

12. The control system as in claim 11 wherein the BMS is further configured to:

while the BMS is in the storage state and when the amount of charge on the lithium battery is lower than the predefined storage range, send a set of charge commands to the charger, the set of charge commands directing the charger to output charge that charges the lithium battery.

13. The control system as in claim 12 wherein the BMS is further configured to:

while the BMS is in the storage state and when the amount of charge on the lithium battery is within the predefined storage range, send a set of no-charge commands to the charger, the set of no-charge commands directing the charger to not output charge to the lithium battery.

14. The control system as in claim 12 wherein the BMS is further configured to:

while the BMS is in the storage state and when the amount of charge on the lithium battery is within the predefined storage range, open a contactor that is interconnected between the charger and the lithium battery to disconnect the lithium battery from the charger and the traction controller.

15. The control system as in claim 10 wherein the initial charge level is higher than the predefined storage range;

and wherein the electronic circuitry, when adjusting the amount of charge on the lithium battery, is configured to;

after the BMS has transitioned to the storage state, discharge the lithium battery until the amount of charge on the lithium battery is within the predefined storage range.

16. The control system as in claim 15 wherein the traction controller is further configured to:

receive an initial set of charge level messages from the BMS, the initial set of charge level messages indicating that the amount of charge on the lithium battery is higher than the predefined storage range, and

in response to the initial set of charge level messages indicating that the amount of charge on the lithium battery is higher than the predefined storage range, (i) connect the lithium battery to the set of electrical loads to discharge the lithium battery, and (iii) send a set of discharge messages to the BMS indicating that the traction controller is connecting the set of electrical loads to the lithium battery to discharge the lithium battery.

17. The control system as in claim 16 wherein the BMS is further configured to:

while the traction controller connects the lithium battery to the set of electrical loads and in response to the set of discharge messages from the traction controller, send a set of no-charge commands to the charger, the set of no-charge commands directing the charger to not output charge to the lithium battery.

18. The control system as in claim 16 wherein the traction controller is further configured to:

after receiving the initial set of charge level messages from the BMS, receive a subsequent set of charge level messages from the BMS, the subsequent set of charge level messages indicating that the amount of charge on the lithium battery is within the predefined storage range, and

in response to the subsequent set of charge level messages indicating that the amount of charge on the lithium battery is within the predefined storage range, (i) disconnect the lithium battery from the set of electrical loads, and (iii) send a set of disconnection messages to the BMS indicating that the traction controller has disconnected the set of electrical loads from the lithium battery.

19. The control system as in claim 18 wherein the BMS is further configured to:

while the BMS is in the storage state, when the amount of charge on the lithium battery is within the predefined storage range and in response to the set of disconnection messages from the traction controller, open a contactor that is interconnected between the charger and the lithium battery to disconnect the lithium battery from the charger and the traction controller.

20. A utility vehicle, comprising:

a utility vehicle body;

a set of electrical loads supported by the utility vehicle body; and

a control system supported by the utility vehicle body and coupled with the set of electrical loads, the control system including;

a lithium battery configured to provide lithium battery power to the set of electrical loads, and

electronic circuitry coupled with the lithium battery, the electronic circuitry being configured to;

operate in a normal operating mode in which the electronic circuitry charges the lithium battery of the utility vehicle up to a normal charge level,

after operating in the normal operating mode, transition from the normal operating mode to a storage mode in which the electronic circuitry is configured to set an amount of charge on the lithium battery to within a predefined storage range which is lower than the normal charge level, and

in response to transitioning from the normal operating mode to the storage mode, adjust the amount of charge on the lithium battery from an initial charge level which is outside the predefined storage range to an adjusted charge level which is within the predefined storage range;

wherein the electronic circuitry, when transitioning from the normal operating mode to the storage mode, is configured to;

receive, as user input, a storage mode command from a user input device operated by a user, and

automatically move the electronic circuitry from the normal operating mode to the storage mode in response to the storage mode command.

21. A method of controlling charge on a lithium battery of a utility vehicle, the method comprising:

operating electronic circuitry of the utility vehicle in a normal operating mode in which the electronic circuitry charges the lithium battery of the utility vehicle up to a normal charge level;

after operating the electronic circuity in the normal operating mode, transitioning the electronic circuitry from the normal operating mode to a storage mode in which the electronic circuitry is configured to set an amount of charge on the lithium battery to within a predefined storage range which is lower than the normal charge level; and

in response to transitioning the electronic circuitry from the normal operating mode to the storage mode, adjusting the amount of charge on the lithium battery from an initial charge level which is outside the predefined storage range to an adjusted charge level which is within the predefined storage range;

wherein transitioning the electronic circuitry from the normal operating mode to the storage mode includes;

receiving, as user input, a storage mode command from a user input device operated by a user, and

automatically moving the electronic circuitry from the normal operating mode to the storage mode in response to the storage mode command.

22. A utility vehicle, comprising:

a utility vehicle body;

a set of electrical loads supported by the utility vehicle body; and

a control system supported by the utility vehicle body and coupled with the set of electrical loads, the control system including;

a lithium battery configured to provide lithium battery power to the set of electrical loads, and

electronic circuitry coupled with the lithium battery, the electronic circuitry being configured to;

operate in a normal operating mode in which the electronic circuitry charges the lithium battery of the utility vehicle up to a normal charge level,

after operating in the normal operating mode, transition from the normal operating mode to a storage mode in which the electronic circuitry is configured to set an amount of charge on the lithium battery to within a predefined storage range which is lower than the normal charge level, and

in response to transitioning from the normal operating mode to the storage mode, adjust the amount of charge on the lithium battery from an initial charge level which is

outside the predefined storage range to an adjusted charge level which is within the predefined storage range;

wherein the electric circuitry, when operating the in the normal operating mode, is configured to;

detect connection of a charger to the utility vehicle, the charger being configured to charge the lithium battery up to the normal charge level while the electronic circuitry is in the normal operating mode.