Wireless power transmitter having low noise and high efficiency, and related methods

• US 10,211,720 B2
• Filed: 11/08/2013
• Issued: 02/19/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 11/09/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Integrated Device Technology Incorporated (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Integrated Device Technology Incorporated (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Nalbant, Mehmet K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barnie, Rexford
• Assistant Examiner(s): Willoughby, Terrence
• Application Number:
  US14/075,749
• Publication Number:
  US 20140132077A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,929 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/38 Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/4815 Resonant converters H02M7/4811 and H02M7/4826 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/538 in a push-pull configuration H02M7/5375 takes precedence ; with oscillating arrangements H02M7/53832, H02M7/53846
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/5387 in a bridge configuration
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49117 Conductor or circuit manufacturing

Abstract

A wireless power transmitter comprises a bridge inverter including a first switch and a second switch coupled together with a first switching node therebetween, and a first capacitor coupled to the first switching node. The transmitter further includes control logic configured to control the first switch and the second switch according to an operating frequency to generate an AC power signal from a DC power signal, and a resonant tank operably coupled to the first switching node of the bridge inverter, the resonant tank configured to receive the AC power signal and generate an electromagnetic field responsive thereto. A method for operating the wireless power transmitter and a method for making the wireless power transmitter are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

a bridge inverter including

a first switch and a second switch coupled together with a first switching node therebetween, the first and second switches being in series between a first terminal and a second terminal, the first and second terminals to receive, at the first and second terminals, a DC power signal comprising a first terminal voltage and a second terminal voltage lower in magnitude than the first terminal voltage; and

a first capacitor coupled between the first switching node and a first voltage;

wherein the first switch is controlled by a first control signal, and the second switch is controlled by a second control signal;

control logic configured to generate the first and second control signals to complementarily open and close the first switch and the second switch according to an operating frequency to generate an AC power signal from the DC power signal, the control logic generating the first and second control signals complimentarily opening and closing the first switch and the second switch with a first delay between generating the first control signal to open the first switch and generating the second control signal to close the second switch, and with a second delay between generating the second control signal to open the second switch and generating the first control signal to close the first switch; and

a resonant tank operably coupled to the first switching node of the bridge inverter, the resonant tank configured to receive the AC power signal and generate an electromagnetic field responsive thereto;

wherein each of the first and second delays is sufficient to prevent the first switch and the second switch being closed at the same time, a first switching node voltage increasing above the first terminal voltage during the second delay and decreasing below the second terminal voltage during the first delay;

wherein a capacitance of the first capacitor is sufficient to lengthen, by a factor of at least 7.5, a length of time for the first switching node voltage to reach the first terminal voltage during the second delay.

2. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the bridge inverter includes a full bridge inverter.

3. The wireless power transmitter of claim 2, wherein the bridge inverter further includes:

a third switch and a fourth switch coupled together with a second switching node therebetween; and

a second capacitor coupled between the second switching node and a second voltage.

4. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3, wherein the resonant tank is operably coupled to the second switching node of the bridge inverter.

5. The wireless power transmitter of claim 4, wherein the resonant tank includes at least one resonant capacitor operably coupled with a transmit coil between the first switching node and the second switching node.

6. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3, wherein capacitance for each of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is within a range of values from 100 pF to 100 nF.

7. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3, wherein:

the first voltage is ground such that the first capacitor is coupled between the first switching node and ground; and

the second voltage is ground such that the second capacitor is coupled between the second switching node and ground.

8. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3, wherein:

the first voltage is a power supply such that the first capacitor is coupled between the first switching node and the power supply; and

the second voltage is ground such that the second capacitor is coupled between the second switching node and ground.

9. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3, wherein:

the first voltage is a power supply such that the first capacitor is coupled between the first switching node and the power supply; and

the second voltage is the power supply such that the second capacitor is coupled between the second switching node and the power supply.

10. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3, wherein:

the first voltage is ground such that the first capacitor is coupled between the first switching node and ground; and

the second voltage is a power supply such that the second capacitor is coupled between the second switching node and the power supply.

11. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the first switch is a p-channel transistor, and the second switch is an n-channel transistor.

12. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the bridge inverter includes a half-bridge inverter.

13. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the first delay implemented by the control logic at said operating frequency is sufficient for the first switching node voltage to change during the first delay by an amount greater than a voltage difference between the first and second terminals.

14. A method of operating a wireless power transmitter, the method comprising:

operating a first switch and a second switch of a bridge inverter according to an operating frequency to generate a wireless power AC signal from a DC signal supplied to a first terminal of the bridge inverter and a second terminal of the bridge inverter, the DC power signal comprising a first terminal voltage and a second terminal voltage lower in magnitude than the first terminal voltage, the first switch and the second switch being in series between the first and second terminals and having a first switching node therebetween, the bridge inverter having a first capacitor coupled between the first switching node and a first voltage, wherein the first switch is controlled by a first control signal, and the second switch is controlled by a second control signal; and

generating the wireless power AC signal through a resonant capacitor and a transmit coil coupled to the first switching node,

wherein operating the first switch and the second switch includes generating the first and second control signals complementarily opening and closing the first switch and the second switch with a first delay between generating the first control signal to open the first and generating the second control signal to close the second switch, and with a second delay between generating the second control signal to open the second switch and generating the first control signal to close the first switch;

wherein each of the first and second delays is sufficient to prevent the first switch and the second switch being closed at the same time, a first switching node voltage increasing above the first terminal voltage during the second delay and decreasing below the second terminal voltage during the first delay;

wherein a capacitance of the first capacitor is sufficient to lengthen, by a factor of at least 7.5, a length of time for the first switching node voltage to reach the first terminal voltage during the second delay.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising complementarily operating a third switch and a fourth switch of the bridge inverter according to the operating frequency to generate the AC signal from the DC signal, the third switch and the fourth switch having a second capacitor coupled between a second switching node therebetween and a second voltage.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first delay is sufficient for the first switching node voltage to change during the first delay by an amount greater than a voltage difference between the first and second terminals.

17. A method of making a wireless power transmitter, the method comprising:

coupling at least one capacitor to at least one switching node of a bridge inverter with at least one complementarily activated FET pair of a wireless power transmitter, each FET pair comprises a first FET and a second FET operating such that there is a first delay between the first FET'"'"'s gate being driven to open the first FET in the FET pair and the complementary second FET'"'"'s gate being driven to close the complementary second FET of the FET pair, and such that there is a second delay between the second FET'"'"'s gate being driven to open the second FET in the FET pair and the first FET'"'"'s gate being driven to close the first FET of the FET pair, each of the first and second delays being of sufficient duration to prevent both FETs of the FET pair from being closed at the same time; and

coupling at least one resonant capacitor and at least one transmit coil to the at least one switching node;

wherein the at least one complimentary FET pair comprises a first FET pair comprising two FETs in series between a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first and second terminals are configured to receive a DC voltage for conversion to an AC output of the wireless power transmitter, and at least one switching node comprises a first switching node coupled between the FETs of the first FET pair;

wherein in operation at an operating frequency, a voltage on the first switching node increases above the highest of voltages on the first and second terminals during each second delay, or decreases below the lowest of the voltages on the first and second terminals during each second delay;

wherein a capacitance of the first capacitor is sufficient to lengthen, by a factor of at least 7.5, a length of time for the voltage on the first switching node to reach the voltage on the first terminal during at least one second delay.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein:

the at least one FET pair comprises a second FET pair comprising two FETs in series between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the at least one switching node comprises a second switching node coupled between the two FETs; and

coupling the at least one capacitor to the at least one switching node includes;

coupling a first capacitor to the first switching node; and

coupling a second capacitor to the second switching node.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein:

coupling the first capacitor to the first switching node includes coupling the first capacitor between the first switching node and one of a power supply terminal and ground; and

coupling the second capacitor to the second switching node includes coupling the second capacitor between the second switching node and one of the power supply terminal and ground.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein in operation the first delay is sufficient for the voltage on the first switching node to change during the first delay by an amount greater than a voltage between the first and second terminals.