Systems and methods for synchronizing a plurality of RFID interrogators in a theatre of operation

• US 10,235,545 B2
• Filed: 10/09/2017
• Issued: 03/19/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Smartrac Technology Fletcher, Inc. (Avery Dennison Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Smartrac Technology Fletcher, Inc. (Avery Dennison Corporation)
• Inventors: Kruest, James Robert, Bann, Gary
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, Brian A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Samson, Sara B
• Application Number:
  US15/728,426
• Publication Number:
  US 20180032774A1
• Time in Patent Office: 526 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07796 arrangements on the record carrier to allow stacking of a plurality of similar record carriers, e.g. to avoid interference between the non-contact communication of the plurality of record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07798 part of the antenna or the integrated circuit being adapted for rupturing or breaking, e.g. record carriers functioning as sealing devices for detecting not-authenticated opening of containers electronic seals G09F3/03
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10029 the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10039 interrogator driven, i.e. synchronous
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10475 arrangements to facilitate interaction with further interrogation devices, e.g. such that at least two interrogation devices may function and cooperate in a network of such devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/08 Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0641 Change of the master or reference, e.g. take-over or failure of the master
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/0266 Marks, test patterns or identification means
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/0268 for electrical inspection or testing
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/142 Arrangements of planar printed circuit boards in the same plane, e.g. auxiliary printed circuit insert mounted in a main printed circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 2201/0909 Preformed cutting or breaking line
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 2201/09127 PCB or component having an integral separable or breakable part
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 3/30 Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor

Abstract

RFID tags are used for many purpose including tracking. RFID interrogators are used to retrieve information from tags. In many applications, a plurality of RFID interrogators are required. Synchronization between interrogators in the same theater of operation is critical to ensure that their broadcasts do not interfere with each other. In fixed RFID interrogator applications, RFID interrogators can be wired together allowing a channel to synchronize the transmissions of the RFID interrogators. Methods described herein can ensure that synchronization is maintained in the event of the failure of a synchronizing master. Furthermore, additional methods for synchronizing RFID interrogators in wireless applications are described allowing synchronization in the absence of wired connections between interrogators.

Claims

1. A radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation system, comprising:

multiple RFID interrogators, wherein each of the multiple RFID interrogators is configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from at least one of (i) one or more surrounding RFID tags and (ii) one or more RFID interrogators of the multiple RFID interrogators, and wherein at least one of the multiple RFID interrogators is configured to;

transmit a signal during a first frame; and

after a period of time, determine whether to adjust a timing of a start of a second frame in synchronization with a start of a frame of the another RFID interrogator of the multiple RFID interrogators based in part on receiving a signal indicative of an interference with the another RFID interrogator and an expectation of a response to the transmitted signal.

2. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein the first frame comprises a first half and a second half, wherein the period of time corresponds to an amount of a time associated with the first half of the first frame.

3. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the multiple RFID interrogators is configured to detect an interference from the another RFD interrogator.

4. The RFID interrogation system of claim 3, wherein the transmitted signal is associated with an expected data response from at least one of the surrounding RFID tags.

5. The RFID interrogation system of claim 4, wherein if no interference is detected, the first RFID interrogator waits for the expected data response.

6. The RFID interrogation system of claim 5, wherein upon no interference being detected, the first RFID interrogator is configured to process any RFID tag transmission received after transmitting the signal during the first frame.

7. The RFID interrogation system of claim 3, wherein if an interference from the another RFID interrogator is detected, determining whether a response to the transmitted signal is expected.

8. The RFID interrogation system of claim 7, if a response is expected, determine a number of frames to wait for the response.

9. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the multiple RFID interrogators is further configured to:

transmit a synchronization pulse in a first half of a frame subsequent to the first frame;

wait for a transmission in response to the synchronization pulse; and

while waiting for the transmission in response to the synchronization pulse, determine whether there is any interference from another RFID interrogator among the multiple RFID interrogators in a second half of the subsequent frame.

10. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein the first RFID interrogator and the another RFID interrogator are wirelessly coupled to each other.

11. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein the another RFID interrogator moves into a wireless detection range of the first RFID interrogator.

12. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least one of the multiple RFID interrogators and the another RFID interrogator is a mobile RFID interrogator.

13. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the multiple RFID interrogators and the another RFID interrogator are part of a baggage tracking system and the surrounding RFID tags are attached to bags of luggage.

14. The RFID interrogation system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the multiple RFID interrogators is configured in form of a hand-held scanner for shipment tracking.