Structures and methods for controlling losses in printed circuit boards
First Claim
1. An apparatus, comprising:
- a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of the at least one dielectric layer, the conductive pattern comprising;
at least first and second conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on the surface; and
a first interconnect having a first portion connected to the first conductive trace at the outer radius and a second portion connected to the second conductive trace at the outer radius;
wherein the first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, and an ending region, the starting region having a first radiused inner edge section extending from the first conductive trace to the transition region; and
wherein at least a portion of the first radiused inner edge section has a curvature that varies continuously as a function of arc length.
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Abstract
The disclosure relates to printed circuit board motors and specifically to printed circuit boards used in motors and generators. Windings formed from copper on printed circuit boards have been used for purposes of forming antennas, inductors, transformers, and stators that can be incorporated in permanent magnet brushless DC (permanent magnet synchronous) machines. For energy conversion devices using modern permanent magnet materials and PCB stators, the magnetic field is not strongly confined by magnetically susceptible materials. Thus, the interaction between fields from adjacent turns in a winding, and/or windings on adjacent layers (for a multilayer configuration) may be significant. The structures disclosed hereinafter reduce the effective resistance in the windings, and therefore reduce the associated losses to achieve a reduced current density in portions of the rotating energy conversion devices. The effect of the disclosed structures is a measurable reduction in loss mechanisms as a function increasing frequency, compared to the currently available devices. These effects are significant in frequency ranges important to energy conversion processes as well as typical control strategies, for example, pulse-width modulation.
102 Citations
19 Claims
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1. An apparatus, comprising:
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a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of the at least one dielectric layer, the conductive pattern comprising; at least first and second conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on the surface; and a first interconnect having a first portion connected to the first conductive trace at the outer radius and a second portion connected to the second conductive trace at the outer radius; wherein the first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, and an ending region, the starting region having a first radiused inner edge section extending from the first conductive trace to the transition region; and wherein at least a portion of the first radiused inner edge section has a curvature that varies continuously as a function of arc length. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. An apparatus, comprising:
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a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of the at least one dielectric layer, the conductive pattern comprising; at least first and second conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on the surface; and a first interconnect having a first portion connected to the first conductive trace at the outer radius and a second portion connected to the second conductive trace at the outer radius; wherein the first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, and an ending region, the starting region having a first radiused inner edge section extending from the first conductive trace at the outer radius to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section extending from the transition region to the second conductive trace at the outer radius; and wherein at least the first radiused inner edge section and the second radiused inner edge section are each characterized by a slope dr/dθ
which is a linear function of r(θ
) from the first conductive trace to the transition region and where the slope dr/dθ
is a different linear function from the transition region to the second conductive trace. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13)
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14. An apparatus, comprising:
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a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of the at least one dielectric layer, the conductive pattern comprising; at least first and second conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on the surface; and a first interconnect having a first portion connected to the first conductive trace at the outer radius and a second portion connected to the second conductive trace at the outer radius; wherein the first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, and an ending region, the starting region extending from the first conductive trace at the outer radius to the transition region, and the ending region extending from the transition region to the second conductive trace at the outer radius; and wherein at any point between the inner and outer edge, a smallest current density magnitude under direct current excitation is not less than 50% of a largest current density magnitude evaluated along a shortest line between the inner and outer edge passing through that point. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16)
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17. An apparatus, comprising:
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a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of the at least one dielectric layer, the conductive pattern comprising; at least first and second conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on the surface; and a first interconnect having a first portion connected to the first conductive trace at the outer radius and a second portion connected to the second conductive trace at the outer radius; wherein the first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, and an ending region, the starting region having first radiused inner and outer edge sections extending from the first conductive trace at the outer radius to the transition region, and second radiused inner and outer edge sections extending from the transition region to the second conductive trace at the outer radius; and wherein at least a respective slope of the first radiused inner edge section and outer edge section and the second radiused inner edge section and outer edge section are each characterized by a monotonically changing value of slope as a function of a rotational angle from the first conductive trace to the second conductive trace. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19)
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Specification