Maximal modifiable modular capacitor generator (CAPGEN)

• US 10,269,506 B1
• Filed: 06/10/2013
• Issued: 04/23/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/10/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Santo Romano Tartivita
• Original Assignee: Santo Romano Tartivita
• Inventors: Tartivita, Santo Romano
• Primary Examiner(s): Davis, Sharon M
• Application Number:
  US13/986,843
• Time in Patent Office: 2,143 Days
• Field of Search: 361326, 361503
• CPC Class Codes: G21H 1/00 Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes , nuclear or atomic batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/14 Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for capacitors, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions H02H7/16; emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltages without disconnection H02H9/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/24 characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/26 characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/32 Carbon-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/42 Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/82 Fixing or assembling a capacitive element in a housing, e.g. mounting electrodes, current collectors or terminals in containers or encapsulations
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 9/004 Details

Abstract

A maximal modifiable modular capacitor-generator (CAPGEN) architecture, dielectrics and electrodes may be modified and retain substantially all of the starting activated carbon powder surface area by encapsulating the activated carbon powder in a modifiable gaseous medium and pressure. The capacitor electrical conductivity may be further increased and resistance reduced by electrically reticulating the electrodes and/or modifying the carbon electrode with rarefied or pressurized gases, conventional electrolytes, radioisotopes, stratified radiation emitting materials such as gases, liquids, solids, or modified photovoltaic carbon powder, thereby the capacitor becomes self charging and the surface area, mass, voltage, capacitance, energy density, power density and working temperature are maximized so that the same capacitor base architecture may be maximally modified from a capacitor to a CAPGEN, to a photovoltaic-thermionic CAPGEN and helium generator.

Claims

1. A maximal modifiable modular capacitor, comprising:

an outer canister having a major axis running from an upper end of the outer canister to a lower end of the outer canister;

an inner capacitor disposed within the outer canister, the inner capacitor comprising;

a first perforated electrode having an upper major surface and a lower major surface, the first perforated electrode oriented to have the upper major surface and the lower major surface substantially perpendicular to the major axis of the outer canister;

a second perforated electrode having an upper major surface and a lower major surface, the second perforated electrode oriented;

to have the upper major surface and the lower major surface substantially perpendicular to the major axis of the outer canister; and

to have the upper major surface of the second perforated electrode facing the lower major surface of the first perforated electrode;

a dielectric separator disposed between the first and second perforated electrode and bonded to at least one of the first and second perforated electrode;

a first perforated and filtered carbon electrode concavely coupled to the first perforated electrode; and

a second perforated and filtered carbon electrode concavely coupled to the second perforated electrode,

wherein the maximal modifiable modular capacitor is formed across the first and second perforated and filtered carbon electrodes.

2. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 1, wherein the outer canister includes an opening between an interior and an exterior of the outer canister, the maximal modifiable modular capacitor further comprising an outer-threaded nipple tube inserted through the opening, the nipple tube comprising an inner end disposed inside the outer canister, and an outer end disposed outside the outer canister.

3. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 2, wherein the nipple tube is fastened to the outer canister, the maximal modifiable modular capacitor further comprising a plug-filter assembly coupled to the inner end of the nipple tube, the plug-filter assembly comprising a perforated conductive plug and a filter.

4. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 2, wherein the outer end of the nipple tube comprises a threaded exterior coupled to the outer canister by use of an interior-threaded electrical terminal-washer.

5. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 2, further comprising a cap coupled to the outer end of the nipple tube, and the cap is coupled to the outer canister.

6. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 5, wherein the cap comprises a gas relief valve.

7. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 2, wherein the nipple tube is welded to the outer canister.

8. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 2, wherein the nipple tube is thermally pressure fitted to the outer canister.

9. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 1, wherein the outer canister encloses a carbonaceous powder selected from a group consisting of activated carbon powder, graphene and carbon fibers, wherein the carbonaceous powder is compacted in one or more layers.

10. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 9, wherein the carbonaceous powder retains substantially unchanged porosity and surface area when compacted.

11. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 1, further comprising a perforated and filtered conductive lid configured to enclose the outer canister, the lid comprising one of a metal material and a carbon fiber material, the lid coupled to the outer canister by an attachment mechanism selected from a group consisting of a thermal pressure fitting, a conductive adhesive bonding, and a screw-thread.

12. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 1, wherein the outer canister encloses an electrolyte.

13. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 1, wherein the outer canister encloses a gaseous electrolyte.

14. The maximal modifiable modular capacitor of claim 1, wherein a gap between the outer canister and the inner capacitor encloses an insulator.