Apparatuses and methods for transdermal electrical stimulation of nerves to modify or induce a cognitive state
First Claim
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1. A method comprising:
- activating a transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicator to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation having a frequency of 250 Hz or greater and an intensity of greater than 3 mA between an anode positioned on the subject'"'"'s skin at a first location and a cathode on the subject'"'"'s skin at a second location; and
applying the biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation between the anode and cathode until the subject'"'"'s sympathetic nervous system is suppressed;
wherein the first location is on the back of the subject'"'"'s neck at a medial portion of the neck and the second location is on the back of the subject'"'"'s neck at a medial location above or below the first location.
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Abstract
Portable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicators for modifying a subject'"'"'s cognitive state by applying stimulation to the subject'"'"'s skin. One or more electrode may be on the subject'"'"'s mastoid, and/or on or near the back of the subject'"'"'s neck. The portable applicators are configured and adapted to be lightweight and may be wearable, and to deliver a high-intensity TES able to evoke or enhance a predetermined cognitive effect to stimulate either the trigeminal, facial and/or cervical plexus. These TES applicators may include a pair of electrodes and a TES control module comprising a processor, a timer and a waveform generator.
237 Citations
11 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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activating a transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicator to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation having a frequency of 250 Hz or greater and an intensity of greater than 3 mA between an anode positioned on the subject'"'"'s skin at a first location and a cathode on the subject'"'"'s skin at a second location; and applying the biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation between the anode and cathode until the subject'"'"'s sympathetic nervous system is suppressed; wherein the first location is on the back of the subject'"'"'s neck at a medial portion of the neck and the second location is on the back of the subject'"'"'s neck at a medial location above or below the first location. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of modifying a subject'"'"'s sympathetic nervous system, the method comprising:
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positioning an anode on a medial portion of the subject'"'"'s neck and a cathode on the medial portion of the subject'"'"'s neck below or above the anode, wherein the anode is smaller than the cathode; activating a wearable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicator to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation having a frequency of 250 Hz or greater and an intensity of greater than 3 mA between the anode and the cathode; and applying the biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation between the anode and the cathode until the subject'"'"'s sympathetic nervous system is suppressed.
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11. A method of modifying a subject'"'"'s sympathetic nervous system, the method comprising:
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positioning an anode on a medial portion of the subject'"'"'s neck and a cathode on the medial portion of the subject'"'"'s neck below or above the anode, wherein the cathode is smaller than the anode; activating a wearable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicator to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation having a frequency of 250 Hz or greater and an intensity of greater than 3 mA between the anode and the cathode; and applying the biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation between the anode and the cathode until the subject'"'"'s sympathetic nervous system is suppressed.
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Specification