Magnetic field cancellation for strain sensors

• US 10,309,846 B2
• Filed: 07/24/2017
• Issued: 06/04/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 07/24/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Smith, John Stephen
• Primary Examiner(s): Bolduc, David J
• Application Number:
  US15/658,387
• Publication Number:
  US 20190025140A1
• Time in Patent Office: 680 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/2268 Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0418 for error correction or compensation, e.g. based on parallax, calibration or alignment

Abstract

A strain-responsive sensor incorporating a strain-sensitive element is disclosed. The strain-sensitive element includes a matched-pair of resistive structures disposed on opposite sides of a substrate. One resistive structure is coupled to a crossover, either a physical crossover or a soft crossover, such that current within the resistive structures of the matched pair flows in the same direction. In addition, one resistive structure of the matched pair has a different loop area than the other resistive structure.

Claims

1. An electronic device comprising:

an enclosure housing a display;

a cover sheet positioned over the display and forming an external surface of the electronic device;

a magnetic interference source positioned within the enclosure; and

a strain-sensing layer positioned beneath the cover sheet and comprising;

a substrate comprising an upper surface and a lower surface;

a first strain-sensing element comprising;

a first upper resistive structure comprising a first set of conductive traces and coupled to the upper surface of the substrate; and

a first lower resistive structure comprising a second set of conductive traces aligned along an axis passing perpendicular through the substrate with the first set of conductive traces and coupled to the lower surface of the substrate; and

a second strain-sensing element positioned adjacent the magnetic interference source and comprising;

a second upper resistive structure comprising a third set of conductive traces and coupled to the upper surface of the substrate; and

a second lower resistive structure comprising a fourth set of conductive traces and coupled to the lower surface of the substrate;

wherein

at least a portion of the fourth set of conductive traces does not align along the axis with the third set of conductive traces.

2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein

a first central conductive trace of the third set of conductive traces is not aligned with a second conductive trace of the fourth set of conductive traces;

and

remaining traces of the third set of conductive traces are aligned with remaining traces of the fourth set of conductive traces.

3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the substrate is formed from at least one of glass, polyimide, or polyethylene terephthalate.

4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein at least one upper resistive structure has a spiral shape.

5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein each upper resistive structure is formed from the same material.

6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein each lower resistive structure is formed from the same material.

7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the substrate is coupled to the display.

8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second strain-sensing element further comprises a crossover coupled to the second lower resistive structure such that current within the second lower resistive structure flows in the same direction as current within the second upper resistive structure.

9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first upper resistive structure is formed from at least one of indium tin oxide, a copper-nickel alloy, a copper-nickel-iron allow, or a copper-nickel manganese alloy.

10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first lower resistive structure has a same shape as the first upper resistive structure.

11. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the crossover is a physical crossover.

12. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the crossover is a soft crossover.

13. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first and second strain-sensing elements are part of a group of strain-sensing elements.

14. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:

a first reference resistor; and

a second reference resistor;

wherein

the first and second upper resistive structures, the first and second lower resistive structures, the first reference resistor, and the second reference resistor are coupled in a balancing network.

15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein an electrical circuit is configured to measure a voltage output from the balancing network.