Construction and operation of electric or hybrid aircraft

• US 10,322,824 B1
• Filed: 12/05/2018
• Issued: 06/18/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: H55 SA
• Original Assignee: H55 SA
• Inventors: Demont, Sebastien, Dani, Bastian
• Primary Examiner(s): Figueroa, Jaime
• Application Number:
  US16/211,079
• Time in Patent Office: 195 Days
• Field of Search: 701 1, 701 3
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/10 Air crafts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/36 Temperature of vehicle components or parts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0061 relating to electrical machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/00 Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/18 of two or more battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2045/0085 Devices for aircraft health monitoring, e.g. monitoring flutter or vibration
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2221/00 Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 27/24 using steam or spring force jet aircraft B64D27/16
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 45/00 Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for camouflage F41H3/00
• CPC Class Codes: B64F 5/60 Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/0428 Safety, monitoring G05B19/0423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1423 with multiple batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/143 with multiple generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 5/00 Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors H02P6/04, H02P8/40 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/40 Weight reduction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/50 On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/60 : Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

This disclosure describes at least embodiments of an aircraft monitoring system for an electric or hybrid airplane. The aircraft monitoring system can be constructed to enable the electric or hybrid aircraft to pass certification requirements relating to a safety risk analysis. The aircraft monitoring system can have different subsystems for monitoring and alerting of failures of components, such as a power source for powering an electric motor, of the electric or hybrid aircraft. The failures that pose a greater safety risk may be monitored and indicated by one or more subsystems without use of programmable components.

Claims

1. An aircraft monitoring system for an electric or hybrid airplane, the aircraft monitoring system being constructed to enable the electric or hybrid aircraft to pass certification requirements relating to a safety risk analysis, the aircraft monitoring system having different subsystems for monitoring and alerting of failures of components of the electric or hybrid aircraft, the failures that pose a greater safety risk being monitored and indicated by one or more subsystems without use of programmable components, the aircraft monitoring system comprising:

a first subsystem configured to be supported by a housing and consisting of non-programmable components, the housing being configured to fly and be propelled by an electric motor,

wherein the non-programmable components are configured to;

monitor a power source supported by the housing, the power source being configured to power the electric motor, and

output a first alert to notify of a first condition associated with the power source, the first condition being likely to imminently cause a fatality or a destruction of the housing; and

a second subsystem configured to be supported by the housing and comprising a processor and a communication bus,

wherein the processor is configured to;

monitor the power source from communications on the communication bus, and

output a second alert to notify of a second condition associated with the power source.

2. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the non-programmable components consist of analog or combinational logic electronic components.

3. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the non-programmable components consist of non-stateful components.

4. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein any subsystem that is supported by the housing and configured to notify of catastrophic conditions is configured to monitor for the catastrophic conditions and notify of the catastrophic conditions without using programmable components or stateful components, the catastrophic conditions being likely to imminently cause the fatality or the destruction of the housing.

5. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the non-programmable components are configured to activate an indicator supported by the housing to output the first alert, the indicator being configured to remain inactive unless the indicator is outputting the first alert.

6. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the indicator comprises a light.

7. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the indicator comprises an audible alarm.

8. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first subsystem is not configured to control the power source, and the second subsystem is configured to control the power source.

9. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first subsystem is configured to process analog signals and binary signals but not multivalued digital signals.

10. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of printed circuit boards, at least part of the first subsystem and at least part of the second subsystem being mounted on the plurality of printed circuit boards.

11. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first subsystem is not configured to communicate via the communication bus.

12. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein:

the non-programmable components are configured to monitor the power source using a first output from a first sensor; and

the processor is configured to monitor the power source using a second output from a second sensor different from the first sensor.

13. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 12, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are configured to detect a state of the power source.

14. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 12, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are configured to measure a temperature of the power source.

15. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 12, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are configured to detect an undervoltage condition, an overvoltage condition, an underpressure condition, an overpressure condition, an undercurrent condition, an overcurrent condition, an excessive internal resistance condition, a low internal resistance condition, a high temperature condition, or a low temperature condition of the power source.

16. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 12, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are configured to detect that the power source is on fire.

17. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the non-programmable components are configured to output the first alert to the processor or another processor supported by the housing, and the processor or the another processor are configured to activate a component supported by the housing to attempt to address the first condition.

18. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the non-programmable components are configured to output the first alert to an electronic device remote from the housing.

19. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the non-programmable components and the processor are configured to monitor the power source using a common output from a sensor.

20. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the second alert indicates that an amount of energy stored by the power source is below a threshold.

21. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the power source comprises a battery.

22. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first condition is a failure or an overheating of the power source.

23. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first condition is the power source being on fire.

24. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the first alert indicates that a crash of the housing is imminent.

25. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the non-programmable components comprise an electronic device configured to process an analog signal.

26. The aircraft monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising a display configured to present the second alert.

27. A method of operating an aircraft monitoring system of an electric or hybrid airplane, the aircraft monitoring system being constructed to enable the electric or hybrid aircraft to pass certification requirements relating to a safety risk analysis, the method comprising:

supporting a first subsystem and a second subsystem with a housing, the first subsystem consisting of non-programmable components, the second subsystem comprising a processor and a communication bus, the housing being configured to fly and be propelled by an electric motor;

powering, by a power source supported by the housing, the electric motor;

monitoring, by the non-programmable components, the power source;

outputting, by the non-programmable components, a first alert to notify of a first condition associated with the power source, the first condition being likely to imminently cause a fatality or a destruction of the housing;

monitoring, by the processor, the power source from communications on the communication bus; and

outputting, by the processor, a second alert to notify of a second condition associated with the power source.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

activating an indicator supported by the housing to output the first alert;

inactivating the indicator when the non-programmable components are not outputting the first alert; and

presenting the second alert on a display supported by the housing.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the non-programmable components monitor the power source using a first output from a first sensor, and the processor monitors the power source using a second output from a second sensor, and further comprising:

by the first sensor and the second sensor, detecting an undervoltage condition, an overvoltage condition, an underpressure condition, an overpressure condition, an undercurrent condition, an overcurrent condition, an excessive internal resistance condition, a low internal resistance condition, a high temperature condition, or a low temperature condition associated with the power source.

30. The method of claim 27, further comprising, responsive to the first alert, activating a component supported by the housing to attempt to address the first condition.