Roadway powered electric vehicle system

• US 10,325,717 B2
• Filed: 08/06/2010
• Issued: 06/18/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 08/07/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Auckland UniServices Limited (Auckland University)
• Original Assignee: Auckland UniServices Limited (Auckland University)
• Inventors: Boys, John Talbot, Covic, Grant Anthony
• Primary Examiner(s): Kuhfuss, Zachary L
• Application Number:
  US13/389,210
• Publication Number:
  US 20120217111A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,238 Days
• Field of Search: 191 10, 191 14, 191 15
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 5/005 without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/005 Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A roadway powered electric vehicle system includes a power supply (101) which makes power available inductively to one or more modules (111) provided in or under a roadway. Modules (111) make a magnetic field selectively available to one or more vehicles travelling over the roadway corresponding to the location of the vehicle. The presence or strength of the magnetic field provided on the roadway may be dependent upon the vehicle type or category.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle inductive power system for use with a primary conductive path associated with a roadway over which a vehicle may travel, the inductive power system comprising:

a plurality of power transmission modules adapted to be placed in or on the roadway relative to the primary conductive path so as to be inductively coupled to the primary conductive path, the power transmission modules wirelessly receiving power from the primary conductive path, each power transmission module comprising a first coil for receiving power wirelessly at a first frequency from the primary conductive path, and a second coil operable to supply power wirelessly at a second frequency which is different than the first frequency to at least one electric vehicle when the at least one electric vehicle is on the roadway and sufficiently near the power transmission module to receive power therefrom.

2. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the primary conductive path is energized at the first frequency and the second coil of each power transmission module is energized at the second frequency.

3. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency.

4. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the second frequency is the same as the first frequency.

5. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a controller provided for each power transmission module to selectively allow each power transmission module to make inductive power available to the at least one electric vehicle when the at least one electric vehicle is sufficiently near the power transmission module to receive power therefrom.

6. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 5 wherein the controller controls a quantity of power available to the at least one electric vehicle.

7. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the quantity of power available is determined based on a power demand category of the at least one electric vehicle to which power is being supplied.

8. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the quantity of power available is determined based on a type of the at least one electric vehicle to which power is being supplied.

9. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the quantity of power available is determined based on a type of the at least one electric vehicle to which power is being supplied.

10. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the controller controls the quantity of power available to each of the at least one electric vehicle dependent on a number of vehicles on a section of the roadway.

11. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising one or more coils provided in each power transmission module to provide a magnetic field for inductive power transfer to the at least one electric vehicle.

12. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 11 further comprising means to energize coils within a module or between modules in a phase relationship.

13. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the power transmission modules are tuned so that a section of the primary conductive path adjacent to each power transmission module has substantially compensated reactance.

14. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the primary conductive path is buried in or adjacent to the roadway.

15. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 1 wherein each power transmission module may be inductively coupled to the primary conductive path at multiple different locations along the primary conductive path.

16. An electric vehicle inductive power system comprising:

a plurality of power transmission modules in or on a vehicle surface, each power transmission module being capable of receiving power wirelessly at a first frequency and supplying power wirelessly at a second frequency which is different than the first frequency to at least one electric vehicle when the at least one electric vehicle is on the vehicle surface in a region of that power transmission module,

a controller to selectively allow each power transmission module to make inductive power available to the electric vehicle when the electric vehicle is sufficiently near the power transmission module to receive power therefrom and energize adjacent power transmission modules in phase.

17. An electric vehicle inductive power system comprising:

a plurality of power transmission modules in or on a vehicle surface, each power transmission module being capable of receiving power wirelessly at a first frequency and supplying power wirelessly at a second frequency which is different than the first frequency to at least one electric vehicle when the at least one electric vehicle is on the vehicle surface in a region of that power transmission module,

a controller to allow each power transmission module to vary a quantity of non-zero inductive power made available to the at least one electric vehicle when the at least one electric vehicle is sufficiently near the power transmission module to receive power therefrom.

18. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 17 wherein the controller controls the quantity of inductive power available to each electric vehicle dependent on a number of vehicles on a section of the vehicle surface.

19. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 17 wherein the controller controls the quantity of inductive power available to each electric vehicle dependent on a vehicle power requirement.

20. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 17 wherein the controller controls the quantity of inductive power available to each electric vehicle dependent on a vehicle category to which that vehicle belongs.

21. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 17 wherein the controller makes inductive power available from the or each power transmission module upon detection of a presence of the at least one electric vehicle in a region of the or each power transmission module.

22. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 21 wherein the controller makes inductive power available from the or each power transmission module for a predetermined maximum time period after detection of the presence of the at least one electric vehicle in the region of the or each power transmission module.

23. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 22 wherein the controller ceases to make inductive power available from the or each power transmission module upon detection of an absence of the at least one electric vehicle in the region of the or each power transmission module.

24. An electric vehicle inductive power system as claimed in claim 21 wherein the controller ceases to make inductive power available from the or each power transmission module upon detection of an absence of the at least one electric vehicle in the region of the or each power transmission module.

25. A method for powering electric vehicles inductively, the method comprising:

energizing a primary conductive path associated with a vehicle surface over which a vehicle may travel;

receiving power wirelessly from the primary conductive path at a first frequency; and

selectively energizing at least one of a plurality of power transmission modules in or on the vehicle surface at a second frequency which is different than the first frequency when the electric vehicle is on the vehicle surface and sufficiently near the power transmission module to receive power wirelessly therefrom.

26. A method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency.

27. A method as claimed in claim 25 further comprising controlling a quantity of power available to the electric vehicle.

28. A method as claimed in claim 25 further comprising controlling a quantity of power available to the electric vehicle dependent on a power demand category of the electric vehicle to which power is being supplied.

29. A method as claimed in claim 25 further comprising controlling a quantity of power available to the electric vehicle dependent on a type of the electric vehicle to which power is being supplied.

30. A method as claimed in claim 25 further comprising controlling a quantity of power available to the electric vehicle dependent on a number of vehicles on a section of the vehicle surface.

31. A method as claimed in claim 25 further comprising tuning the power transmission modules whereby a section of the primary conductive path adjacent to each power transmission module has its reactance substantially compensated.

32. A method for powering vehicles wirelessly from a primary conductive path associated with a roadway over which a vehicle may travel, the method comprising:

providing a plurality of power transmission modules, each power transmission module being operable to supply power wirelessly at a second frequency to at least one vehicle when the at least one electric vehicle is on the roadway and sufficiently near the power transmission module to receive power therefrom; and

placing the power transmission modules in or on the roadway relative to the primary conductive path so as to wirelessly receive power at a first frequency from the primary conductive path, wherein the first frequency is different than the second frequency.