System and method of charging a vehicle using a dynamic power grid, and system and method of managing power consumption in the vehicle

• US 10,336,205 B2
• Filed: 05/10/2016
• Issued: 07/02/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: O'Connell, Brian Marshall, Hamilton, Rick Allen, Kozloski, James Robert, Pickover, Clifford Alan
• Primary Examiner(s): Hutchinson, Alan D
• Application Number:
  US15/151,222
• Publication Number:
  US 20160250941A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,148 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/02 to electric heating circuits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/14 to electric lighting circuits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/34 Cabin temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/622 by satellite navigation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/662 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/667 Precipitation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/68 Traffic data
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/70 Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/72 Charging station selection relying on external data
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/12 by confirmation, e.g. of the input
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/14 by input of vehicle departure time
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/52 drive range estimation, e.g. of estimation of available travel distance
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/54 Energy consumption estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/12 of exhaust
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/51 Photovoltaic means
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/52 Wind-driven generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 : in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 : involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/665 : Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/68 : Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 : Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 : responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/3469 : Fuel consumption; Energy use; Emission aspects
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/08 : Auctions
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/04 : Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00006 : characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2203/20 : Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 : for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/008 : involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 : Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0024 : Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007 : Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/342 : The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging with circuits for polarity protection H02J7/0034
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 : Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 : Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/50 : Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/221 : General power management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/12 : characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 : Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 50/10 : Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Abstract

A system for charging a vehicle, includes a processing device which is communicatively coupled to a plurality of vehicles and maintains a forward model for modeling vehicle charging data for the plurality of vehicles, and a computing device which, based on the forward model, maintains a charge exchange market which directs a formation of a flash charge mob of vehicles from the plurality of vehicles at an optimal location to exchange charge.

Claims

1. A system for charging a vehicle, comprising:

a processing device which is communicatively coupled to a plurality of vehicles and maintains a forward model for modeling vehicle charging data for the plurality of vehicles, the processing device using data from the plurality of vehicles to determine an optimal location to exchange charge, the processing device comprising a server which is communicatively coupled to the plurality of vehicles;

a computing device which, based on the forward model, maintains a charge exchange market which directs a formation of a flash charge mob of vehicles from the plurality of vehicles at the optimal location to exchange charge, the flash charge mob comprising a dynamic power grid; and

a power transmitting device for transmitting power from a second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles to a first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles according to an agreement, the charge exchange market being communicatively coupled to the power transmitting device, and controlling the voltage and capacity of the dynamic power grid via the power transmitting device, and the power transmitting device comprising;

an input port for connecting the dynamic power grid; and

a communication device for communicating with the server and the plurality of vehicles,

wherein the plurality of vehicles comprise a plurality of communication devices, respectively, and a user of the first vehicle communicates with a user of the second vehicle which is in the flash charge mob via the plurality of communication devices to facilitate the agreement between the user of the first vehicle and the user of the second vehicle for transmitting power to the first vehicle,

wherein the processing device uses data from the plurality of vehicles and data from an external database to parameterize a constrained optimization within the forward model, and

wherein the optimization minimizes a stop time for the first and second vehicles, minimizes deviation from a planned route, and minimizes a probability of running out of charge over all expected vehicle actions until a future expected charging of the first vehicle from an electric power grid.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, based on the forward model, the charge exchange market facilitates an agreement for transmitting power to the first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles from the second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles, via the dynamic power grid,

wherein the processing device uses data from the plurality of vehicles to parameterize a constrained optimization within the forward model, the optimization determining an optimal location for the first vehicle to connect to the dynamic power grid for charging the first vehicle, the optimal location comprising a location that is remote from a standard electric power grid charging station, and

wherein the charge exchange market controls a voltage and capacity of the dynamic power grid.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the processing device comprises a server which is communicatively coupled to the plurality of vehicles via a wireless network, and wherein the forward model inputs data for setting parameters internal to the forward model over the wireless network from the plurality vehicles.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the data for setting parameters comprises at least one of current charge of a vehicle, location of the vehicle, destination of the vehicle, speed of the vehicle, rate of power consumption of the vehicle, desired time of arrival of the vehicle, maximum desired wait times of the vehicle, weather conditions, and traffic conditions.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the processing device accesses data which is stored in an external database, the data comprising at least one of future expected weather conditions, future expected traffic conditions, and future expected locations for charging vehicles on a standard electric power grid.

6. The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of communication devices communicatively couple the first vehicle to the second vehicle, and communicatively couple the first and second vehicles to the processing device,

wherein the plurality of communication devices facilitate a negotiation of terms of the agreement between the first vehicle and the second vehicle.

7. The system of claim 2, further comprising:

a power transmitting device for transmitting power from the second vehicle to the first vehicle according to the agreement; and

a vehicle key which is equipped with a cryptography key that can be used to encrypt communication and uniquely identify the key among a plurality of keys, the key being insertable into the power transmitting device and readable by the power transmitting device, so that user information is transmitted by the power transmitting device to a third party billing source,

wherein the charge exchange market is communicatively coupled to the power transmitting device, and controls the voltage and capacity of the dynamic power grid via the power transmitting device.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the power transmitting device determines whether the dynamic power grid will deliver charge to the first vehicle in a parallel battery configuration or a series battery configuration.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the power transmitting device comprises a multi-tap bus, and the charge exchange market is communicatively coupled to the bus and configures the bus to facilitate series or parallel coupling between charging batteries in the dynamic power grid in order to deliver a negotiated voltage and charge capacity from the second vehicle to the first vehicle.

10. The system of claim 2, wherein the vehicle charging data comprises vehicle power utilization data and vehicle charging requirement data.

11. The system of claim 2, wherein the charge exchange market remotely and wirelessly manages the dynamic power grid.

12. The system of claim 2, wherein the second vehicle comprises a plurality of second vehicles, and the charge exchange market manages a purchase of power by the first vehicle from the plurality of second vehicles, and

wherein a voltage and power transmission to the first vehicle is increased with the number of second vehicles in the plurality of second vehicles, and a charging time is decreased with the number of second vehicles in the plurality of second vehicles.

13. The system of claim 2, wherein the charge exchange market receives an input from the vehicles in the flash charge mob, the input including a desired price for sale of power, desired price for purchase of power, desired and required charging times, and desired and required final charging levels.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the flash charge mob of vehicles is located at a facility comprising a dedicated charging bus, and the transmitting of power comprises transmitting power via the dedicated charging bus.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the vehicles in the flash charge mob comprise an onboard device for establishing the dynamic power grid, and the transmitting of power comprises transmitting power via the onboard device.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises an onboard computing device in the plurality of vehicles, and the charge exchange market is formed by the plurality of vehicles by using the onboard computing device.

17. The system of claim 2, wherein the charge exchange market facilitates the agreement by:

transmitting a message from the first vehicle to the second vehicle indicating that the charge is required by the first vehicle;

transmitting a message from the second vehicle to the first vehicle indicating an amount of power that the second vehicle is willing to transmit to the first vehicle, and indicating a duration that the second vehicle is available to transmit the power;

coordinating a negotiation of a monetary rate for the transmitted power between the first vehicle and the second vehicle; and

coordinating a time and place for transmitting the power from the second vehicle to the first vehicle.

18. A method of charging a vehicle, comprising:

in a processing device which is communicatively coupled to a plurality of vehicles, maintaining a forward model for modeling vehicle charging data for the plurality of vehicles, the processing device using data from the plurality of vehicles to determine an optimal location to exchange charge, the processing device comprising a server which is communicatively coupled to the plurality of vehicles;

in a computing device, based on the forward model, maintaining a charge exchange market which directs a formation of a flash charge mob of vehicles from the plurality of vehicles at the optimal location to exchange charge, the flash charge mob comprising a dynamic power grid; and

in a power transmitting device, transmitting power from a second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles to a first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles according to an agreement, the charge exchange market being communicatively coupled to the power transmitting device, and controlling the voltage and capacity of the dynamic power grid via the power transmitting device, and the power transmitting device comprising;

an input port for connecting the dynamic power grid; and

a communication device for communicating with the server and the plurality of vehicles,

wherein the plurality of vehicles comprise a plurality of communication devices, respectively, and a user of the first vehicle communicates with a user of the second vehicle which is in the flash charge mob via the plurality of communication devices to facilitate the agreement between the user of the first vehicle and the user of the second vehicle for transmitting power to the first vehicle,

wherein the processing device uses data from the plurality of vehicles and data from an external database to parameterize a constrained optimization within the forward model, and

wherein the optimization minimizes a stop time for the first and second vehicles, minimizes deviation from a planned route, and minimizes a probability of running out of charge over all expected vehicle actions until a future expected charging of the first vehicle from an electric power grid.

19. A non-transitory programmable storage medium tangibly embodying a program of machine-readable instructions executable by a digital processing apparatus to perform a method of charging a vehicle, the method comprising:

in a processing device which is communicatively coupled to a plurality of vehicles, maintaining a forward model for modeling vehicle charging data for the plurality of vehicles, the processing device using data from the plurality of vehicles to determine an optimal location to exchange charge, the processing device comprising a server which is communicatively coupled to the plurality of vehicles;

in a computing device, based on the forward model, maintaining a charge exchange market which directs a formation of a flash charge mob of vehicles from the plurality of vehicles at the optimal location to exchange charge, the flash charge mob comprising a dynamic power grid; and

in a power transmitting device, transmitting power from a second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles to a first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles according to an agreement, the charge exchange market being communicatively coupled to the power transmitting device, and controlling the voltage and capacity of the dynamic power grid via the power transmitting device, and the power transmitting device comprising;

an input port for connecting the dynamic power grid; and

a communication device for communicating with the server and the plurality of vehicles,

wherein the plurality of vehicles comprise a plurality of communication devices, respectively, and a user of the first vehicle communicates with a user of the second vehicle which is in the flash charge mob via the plurality of communication devices to facilitate the agreement between the user of the first vehicle and the user of the second vehicle for transmitting power to the first vehicle,

wherein the processing device uses data from the plurality of vehicles and data from an external database to parameterize a constrained optimization within the forward model, and

wherein the optimization minimizes a stop time for the first and second vehicles, minimizes deviation from a planned route, and minimizes a probability of running out of charge over all expected vehicle actions until a future expected charging of the first vehicle from an electric power grid.