Inductive power transfer

• US 10,355,532 B2
• Filed: 10/31/2017
• Issued: 07/16/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 11/02/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Walton, Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): Amaya, Carlos
• Application Number:
  US15/799,902
• Publication Number:
  US 20180123399A1
• Time in Patent Office: 623 Days
• Field of Search: 307104
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices

Abstract

An IPT receiver is controlled to vary its frequency of operation to hop between a first frequency below the transmitter frequency and a second frequency above the transmitter frequency while measuring the power transfer at both first and second frequencies. Embodiments may track variations in transmitter frequency.

Claims

1. An inductive power receiver comprising:

inductive power receiving circuitry comprising a coil, the inductive power receiving circuitry having a resonant frequency; and

a controller configured to;

tune the resonant frequency to a first frequency;

determine a first power produced using the inductive power receiving circuitry while the resonant frequency is tuned to the first frequency;

tune the resonant frequency to a second frequency;

determine a second power produced using the inductive power receiving circuitry while the resonant frequency is tuned to the second frequency;

in accordance with a determination that the first power produced and the second power produced are within a threshold difference, tune the resonant frequency to at least one of the first frequency and the second frequency; and

in accordance with a determination that the first power produced and the second power produced are not within the threshold difference, tune the resonant frequency to a third frequency.

2. The inductive power receiver of claim 1 wherein the inductive power receiving circuitry comprises a resonant circuit for setting the resonant frequency of the inductive power receiving circuitry and wherein the controller is configured to vary the resonant frequency of the inductive power receiving circuitry.

3. The inductive power receiver of claim 2 wherein the resonant circuit comprises a variable capacitor and wherein the controller is configured to control a capacitance of the variable capacitor to vary the resonant frequency of the inductive power receiving circuitry.

4. The inductive power receiver of claim 2 wherein the resonant circuit comprises a saturable reactor and wherein the controller is configured to control a reactance of the saturable reactor to vary the resonant frequency of the inductive power receiving circuitry.

5. The inductive power receiver of claim 1 wherein the inductive power receiving circuitry comprises a resonant circuit for setting the resonant frequency of the inductive power receiving circuitry, wherein the resonant circuit comprises a ferrite, and wherein the controller is configured to control a permeability of the ferrite to vary the resonant frequency of the inductive power receiving circuitry.

6. The inductive power receiver of claim 1, further comprising power sensing circuitry configured to provide a signal indicative of power transferred to a load, the power sensing circuitry having an output for the signal, and the controller having an input for the signal.

7. The inductive power receiver of claim 6, wherein the controller is further configured to select at least one of the first frequency and the second frequency based on the signal to control power transfer to the load.

8. The inductive power receiver of claim 1 wherein the controller is configured to initialize the inductive power receiving circuitry by causing the inductive power receiving circuitry to sweep a range of receiving circuitry resonant frequencies while monitoring the power received to determine a transmit frequency and wherein the first and second frequencies are centered about the transmit frequency.

9. The inductive power receiver of claim 1 wherein the threshold difference comprises a threshold selected from the group consisting of:

a predetermined absolute threshold and a predetermined relative threshold.

15. The inductive power receiver of claim 1, wherein the threshold difference comprises a threshold selected from the group consisting of:

1%, 5% and 10%.

10. A method of operating a receiver for an inductive power transfer (IPT) system, the receiver comprising inductive power receiving circuitry having a resonant frequency, the method comprising

tuning the resonant frequency to a first frequency;

determining a first power produced using the inductive power receiving circuitry while the resonant frequency is tuned to the first frequency;

tuning the resonant frequency to a second frequency;

determining a second power produced using the inductive power receiving circuitry while the resonant frequency is tuned to the second frequency;

in accordance with a determination that the first power produced and the second power produced are within a threshold difference, tuning the resonant frequency to at least one of the first frequency and the second frequency; and

in accordance with a determination that the first power produced and the second power produced are not within the threshold difference, tuning the resonant frequency to a third frequency.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

measuring a transmit frequency by sweeping a range of receiver resonant frequencies while monitoring a power received, wherein the first and second frequencies are centered about the transmit frequency.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the transmit frequency is determined as the frequency at which maximum power is received.

13. The method of claim 10 further comprising selecting a spacing between the first and second frequencies to control power transfer to a load.

14. The method of claim 10 wherein the threshold difference comprises a threshold selected from the group consisting of:

a predetermined absolute threshold and a predetermined relative threshold.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the threshold difference comprises a threshold selected from the group consisting of:

1%, 5% and 10%.