Method and system for aggregation and control of energy grids with distributed energy resources

• US 10,366,459 B2
• Filed: 10/16/2015
• Issued: 07/30/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Andrija Sadikovic
• Original Assignee: Andrija Sadikovic
• Inventors: Sadikovic, Andrija
• Primary Examiner(s): Gills, Kurtis
• Application Number:
  US14/885,374
• Publication Number:
  US 20170109841A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,383 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/66 Regulating electric power
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/0206 Price or cost determination based on market factors
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 50/06 Energy or water supply
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00028 involving the use of Internet protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2203/20 Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/20 The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/12 for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/48 Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/50 Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/70 Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/123 the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/221 General power management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 50/14 Marketing, i.e. market research and analysis, surveying, promotions, advertising, buyer profiling, customer management or rewards

Abstract

Method and systems for aggregation and control of energy grids including distributed energy resources are disclosed. The method and system disclosed use the intelligence available in the information data network, and avoid dependence on the utility/system operator operational data network.

Claims

1. A method of obtaining a power flow solution for a first level network including distributed energy resources, the method comprising:

(a) acquiring measurements originating from a number of sensors distributed up to an edge of the first level network;

the measurements comprising current, voltage, active power, reactive power and data of interconnectivity;

the data not including data from utility operational networks, the utility operational networks including substations and circuit switches;

(b) obtaining observability metrics from the measurements;

(c) determining whether the first level network is observable;

(d) determining, when the first level network is not observable, whether additional measurements are available;

(e) acquiring, when additional measurements are available, the additional measurements and repeating steps (b)-(d);

(f) receiving, when additional measurements are not available, pseudo-measurements based on recently acquired measurements in order to render the first level network observable;

the pseudo-measurements being defined by a first level supervisory subsystem;

(g) performing, when the first level network is observable, state estimation;

(h) detecting and identifying, after the state estimation, bad data;

(i) receiving a determination, resulting from the had data, of whether a new state estimation is required;

determination of whether a new state estimation is required is performed by the first level supervisory subsystem;

(j) repeating steps (a)-(i) when the new state estimation is required; and

(k) determining, when the new state estimation is not required, distributed power flow for the first level network.

2. A method for aggregation of a network, the network comprising a number of first level networks, each first level network including distributed energy resources, the method comprising:

receiving, at each of a number of first level supervisory subsystems, distributed power flow for a first level network, the distributed power flow obtained by the method of claim 1;

determining, at said each of the number of first level supervisory subsystems, a price clearance for the first level network;

determining, at said each of the number of first level supervisory subsystems, whether to recalculate distributed power flow for the first level network;

determining, at said each of the number of first level supervisory subsystems, whether to reinitiate a power flow solution for the first level network; and

determining, at said each of the number of first level supervisory subsystems, whether to request dispatch of the first level network.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

receiving, at one of a number of second level supervisory subsystems, the distributed power flow for the first level network from at least two of the number of first level supervisory subsystems;

determining, from the distributed power flow for at least two first level networks, at said one of the number of second level supervisory subsystems, power flow parameters at a node corresponding to said one of the number of second level supervisory subsystems;

deciding, at said one of the number of second level supervisory subsystems, whether to reinitiate distributed power flow calculations, decision of whether to reinitiate distributed power flow calculation based on whether errors exceed a predetermined tolerance.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:

providing, to a junction point supervisory subsystem, distributed power flow information from two lower level supervisory subsystems;

each lower-level supervisory subsystem being one of an intermediate level supervisory subsystem or a second level supervisory subsystem;

a junction point being a network logic point;

performing, at the junction point supervisory subsystem, state estimation in order to reduce errors; and

analyzing, at the junction point supervisory subsystem, grid edge measurements;

the grid edge measurements comprising voltage fluctuations on both sides of switch nodes.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein determining the price clearance comprises using utility/public distribution system energy sell/buy price offerings for each subnetwork within the first level network and sell/buy price offerings for each subnetwork.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:

selecting demand/supply offers for some subnetworks for energy trade within the first level network; and

reporting results of selection to a second level supervisory subsystem.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:

using demand/supply offers for subnetwork not selected for energy trade within the first level network as virtual demand/supply energy offerings for energy trade within subnetworks reporting to the second level supervisory subsystem;

performing price clearance and energy trade selection for the subnetworks reporting to the second level supervisory subsystem; and

reporting results of the energy trade selection to a higher level supervisory subsystem.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the results are reported to a highest level supervisory subsystem.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:

using demand/supply offers for subnetwork not selected for energy trade within subnetworks reporting to lower supervisory level subsystems, as virtual, demand/supply energy offerings for energy trade among networks; and

providing bids for trade among the networks.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:

receiving, at the highest level supervisory subsystem, an energy transaction volume request and price offer;

broadcasting, at the highest level supervisory subsystem, energy transaction request to subnetworks and subnetwork aggregators;

receiving, at the highest level supervisory subsystem, bids from subnetworks and subnetwork aggregators;

ranking, at the highest level supervisory subsystem, bids for energy, trade distribution aggregation;

obtaining, at the highest level supervisory subsystem, a distributed energy trade aggregation;

obtaining, at the highest level supervisory subsystem, when the energy transaction volume request and price offer can be met, a confirmation and proceeding with dispatch and transaction target control; and

submitting, at the highest level supervisory subsystem, when the energy transaction volume request and price offer cannot be met, the distributed energy trade aggregation to requester.

11. An aggregation/supervision system comprising:

a number of first level supervisory subsystems;

each first level supervisory subsystem from the number of first level supervisory subsystems configured to;

(a) acquire measurements from a number of sensors distributed up to an edge of a first level network;

the measurements comprising current, voltage, active power, reactive power and data of interconnectivity;

the data not including data from utility operational networks, the utility operational networks including substations and circuit switches;

(b) obtain observability metrics from the measurements;

(c) determine whether the first level network is observable;

(d) determine, when the first level network is not observable, whether additional measurements are available;

(e) acquire, when the additional measurements are available, the additional measurements and repeating steps (b)-(d);

(f) provide, when the additional measurements are not available, pseudo-measurements based on recently acquired measurements in order to render the first level network observable;

(g) perform, when the first level network is observable, state estimation;

(h) detect and identify, after the state estimation, bad data;

(i) provide a determination, resulting from the bad data, of whether a new state estimation is required;

(j) repeat steps (a)-(i) when the new state estimation is required;

(k) determine, when the new state estimation is not required, distributed power flow for the first level network;

receive distributed power flow the first level network;

determine a price clearance for the first level network;

Wherein determining the price clearance comprises using utility/public distribution system energy sell/buy price offerings for each subnetworks within the first level network and sell/buy price offerings for each subnetwork;

determine whether to recalculate distributed power flow for the first level network;

determine whether to reinitiate a power flow solution for the first level network; and

determine whether to request dispatch of the first level network;

a number of second level supervisory subsystems;

each second level supervisory subsystem from the number of second level supervisory subsystems configured to;

receive the distributed power flow for the first level network from at least two of the number of first level supervisory subsystems;

determine from the distributed power flow for at least two first level networks power flow parameters at a node corresponding to said each second level supervisory subsystems;

decide to reinitiate distributed power flow calculations, decision of whether to reinitiate distributed power flow calculation based on whether errors exceed a predetermined tolerance; and

report results of the distributed power flow to a higher level supervisory subsystem.

12. The aggregation/supervision system of claim 11 further comprising:

a junction point supervisory subsystem;

a junction point being a network logic point;

the junction point supervisory subsystem configured to;

receive distributed power flow information from two lower level supervisory subsystems;

each lower-level supervisory subsystem being one of an intermediate level supervisory subsystem or a second level supervisory subsystem;

perform state estimation in order to reduce errors; and

analyze grid edge measurements;

the grid edge measurements comprising voltage fluctuations on both sides of switch nodes.

13. The aggregation/supervision system of claim 12 wherein said each first level supervisory subsystem from the number of first level supervisory subsystems is further configured to:

select demand/supply offers for some subnetworks for energy trade within the first level network; and

report results of selection to a second level supervisory subsystem.

14. The aggregation/supervision system of claim 13 wherein said each second level supervisory subsystem from the number of first level supervisory subsystems is further configured to:

use demand/supply offers for subnetwork not selected for energy trade within the first level network as virtual demand/supply energy offerings for energy trade within subnetworks reporting to the second level supervisory subsystem;

perform price clearance and energy trade selection for the subnetworks reporting to the second level supervisory subsystem; and

report results of the energy trade selection to a higher level supervisory subsystem.

15. The aggregation/supervision system of claim 14 further comprising:

a highest level supervisory subsystem;

the highest level supervisory subsystem configured to;

use demand/supply offers for subnetwork not selected for energy trade within subnetworks reporting to lower supervisory level subsystems, as virtual demand/supply energy offerings for energy trade among networks; and

provide bids for trade among the networks.

16. The aggregation/supervision system of claim 15 wherein the highest level supervisory subsystem is further configured to:

receive an energy transaction volume request and price offer;

broadcast energy transaction request to subnetworks and subnetwork aggregators;

receive bids from subnetworks and subnetwork aggregators;

rank bids for energy trade distribution aggregation;

obtain a distributed energy trade aggregation;

obtain, when the energy transaction volume request and price offer can be met, a confirmation and proceeding with dispatch and transaction target control; and

submit, when the energy transaction volume request and price offer cannot be met, the distributed energy trade aggregation to requester.