Electromagnetic flow sensor interface allowing dc coupling

• US 10,386,214 B2
• Filed: 12/18/2015
• Issued: 08/20/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Analog Devices, Inc.
• Inventors: Li, Ke
• Primary Examiner(s): McAndrew, Christopher P
• Application Number:
  US14/974,891
• Publication Number:
  US 20170153134A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,341 Days
• Field of Search: 324144
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/584 constructions of electrodes, accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/586 constructions of coils, magnetic circuits, accessories therefor G01F1/582 takes precedence; magnet; inductances; transformers; selection of materials for their magnetic properties per se H01F
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/60 Circuits therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/2804 Printed windings
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 7/064 Circuit arrangements for actuating electromagnets circuit arrangements for obtaining special operating characteristics H01F7/18; driving circuits for electromagnets making use of a switching regulator H01H47/325
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/129 there being a feedback over the complete amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/261 Amplifier which being suitable for instrumentation applications
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45116 Feedback coupled to the input of the differential amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/04 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45076 characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 1/12 Analogue/digital converters H03M1/001 – H03M1/10 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 1/66 Digital/analogue converters H03M1/001 – H03M1/10 take precedence

Abstract

An interface circuit to an electromagnetic flow sensor is described. In an example, it can provide a DC coupled signal path from the electromagnetic flow sensor to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit. Examples with differential and pseudo-differential signal paths are described. Examples providing DC offset or low frequency noise compensation or cancellation are described. High input impedance examples are described. Coil excitation circuits are described, such as can provide on-chip inductive isolation between signal inputs and signal outputs. A switched mode power supply can be used to actively manage a bias voltage of an H-Bridge, such as to boost the current provided by the H-Bridge to the sensor coil during select time periods, such as during phase shift time periods of the coil, which can help reduce or minimize transient noise during such time periods.

Claims

1. An apparatus for processing an electromagnetic flow sensor signal, the apparatus comprising:

first and second inputs configured to be respectively coupled to first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes;

an amplifier circuit configured to be coupled to the first and second inputs to amplify a difference between the first and second inputs to provide a single-ended amplifier output signal including electromagnetic flow sensor information;

conversion circuitry configured to receive the single-ended amplifier output signal and generate a differential signal using the single-ended amplifier output signal; and

an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit configured to convert the differential signal and the single-ended amplifier output signal including the electromagnetic flow sensor information, into digital signals, wherein a dc-coupled signal path is provided from the first and second inputs, through the amplifier circuit, the conversion circuitry, and to the ADC.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amplifier circuit comprises an instrumentation amplifier circuit, where the ADC is coupled to receive the amplifier output signal including the electromagnetic flow sensor information, and wherein the conversion circuitry comprises a single-ended-to-differential signal conversion circuit including:

an input coupled to an output of the instrumentation amplifier circuit to receive the single-ended amplifier output signal; and

first and second outputs, coupled to respective first and second inputs of the ADC, to provide a differential signal to the ADC based on the single-ended amplifier output signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the single-ended-to-differential signal conversion circuit includes:

an operational amplifier, including first and second inputs and an output; and

first and second resistors, including a first resistor coupled between the output of the operational amplifier and a first input of the operational amplifier, and a second resistor coupled between the first input of the operational amplifier an output of the instrumentation amplifier circuit, to receive the single-ended instrumentation amplifier signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an additional amplifier circuit configured to process the single-ended amplifier output signal and a DC offset compensating biasing circuit including:

an additional digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit, including an input configured to receive information indicating a DC offset component of the digital signal, and to produce an analog offset feedback signal responsive thereto; and

a biasing circuit, configured to couple the analog offset feedback signal to the adjustable bias voltage input of the amplifier circuitry in a feedback arrangement that reduces or otherwise compensates for the DC offset component of the digital signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the single-ended-to-differential signal conversion circuit includes an integrated difference amplifier including an operational amplifier and resistors integrated on the same integrated circuit.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ADC includes first and second inputs, and wherein a first input of the ADC is coupled to the output of the amplifier circuit to receive the single-ended amplifier output signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dc-coupled signal path is provided without any AC coupling capacitors in the dc-coupled signal path.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amplifier circuit includes field-effect transistors (FETs) having respective gate inputs directly connected to the first and second first and second flow sensor electrodes via the first and second inputs.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a radio frequency interference (RFI) attenuation circuit in a signal path at least one of between the amplifier circuit and the ADC or between the amplifier circuit and the first and second inputs.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amplifier circuit is configured to apply a gain between five and ten.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an additional amplifier circuit configured to process the single-ended amplifier output signal received at a first input of the additional amplifier circuit based on an adjustable bias voltage input of the additional amplifier circuit that affects amplification of the single-ended amplifier output signal received at the first input, wherein the ADC is coupled to the additional amplifier circuit and coupled to receive the amplifier output signal including the electromagnetic flow sensor information.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an H-Bridge control circuit, configured to deliver control signals to respective inputs of first, second, third, and fourth transistors of an H-Bridge to control delivery of specified current to an excitation coil by the H-Bridge, the H-Bridge control circuit including;

a first integrated isolation circuit configured to electrically isolate and inductively couple a received input signal to the H-Bridge for controlling at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth transistors of the H-Bridge;

a switched mode power supply, configured to provide an adjustable reference voltage to generate the specified current delivered to the excitation coil by the H-Bridge; and

a current control circuit, coupled to the switched mode power supply to increase the adjustable reference voltage during a specified portion of a switching cycle of the H-Bridge to compensate for inductance emf of the excitation coil.

13. A method of processing an electromagnetic flow sensor signal, the method comprising:

receiving first and second input signals from respective first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes;

amplifying a difference between the first and second input signals using an amplifier circuit to provide a single-ended amplified signal; and

generating, using conversion circuitry, a differential signal using the single-ended amplifier output signal; and

digitizing, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit, the differential signal and the single-ended amplified signal to produce digital signals, wherein the receiving and amplifying include providing a dc-coupled signal path through the amplifier circuit to the ADC.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a pseudo-differential signal path through the ADC.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising compensating for a dc offset voltage at the first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes, the compensating including biasing at least one circuit using a reference voltage that is adjusted based on information about the dc offset voltage at the first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes.

16. The method of claim 13 further comprising processing, using an additional amplifier circuit, the single-ended amplified signal based on an adjustable bias voltage input of the additional amplifier circuit that affects amplification of the single-ended amplified signal, wherein the ADC is coupled to the additional amplifier circuit and coupled to receive the single-ended amplified signal.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the amplifier circuit s configured to apply a gain between five and ten.

18. An apparatus for processing an electromagnetic flow sensor signal, the apparatus comprising:

means for receiving first and second input signals from respective first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes;

means for amplifying a difference between the first and second input signals using an amplifier circuit to provide a single-ended amplified signal;

means for generating, using conversion circuitry, a differential signal using the single-ended amplifier output signal; and

means for digitizing, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit, the differential signal and the single-ended amplified signal to produce digital signals, wherein the means for receiving and means for amplifying include means for providing a dc-coupled signal path through the amplifier circuit to the ADC.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising means for providing a pseudo- differential signal path through the ADC.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising means for compensating for a dc offset voltage at the first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes, the means for compensating including means for biasing at least one circuit using a reference voltage that is adjusted based on information about the dc offset voltage at the first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes.

21. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising means for processing, using an additional amplifier circuit, the single-ended amplified signal based on an adjustable bias voltage input of the additional amplifier circuit that affects amplification of the single-ended amplified signal, wherein the ADC is coupled to the additional amplifier circuit and coupled to receive the single-ended amplified signal.

22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the amplifier circuit is configured to apply a gain between five and ten.