Geolocation using guided surface waves

• US 10,408,915 B2
• Filed: 09/10/2015
• Issued: 09/10/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/10/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Quantum Wave LLC
• Original Assignee: Cpg Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Corum, James F., Corum, Kenneth L., Lilly, James D., D'Aurelio, Michael J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Thienvu V
• Assistant Examiner(s): Stables, David M
• Application Number:
  US14/850,051
• Publication Number:
  US 20170074968A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,461 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/08 Systems for determining direction or position line
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 11/02 using radio waves G01S19/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02213 Receivers arranged in a network for determining the position of a transmitter
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/06 Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements G01S5/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/14 Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/24 Inductive coupling

Abstract

Disclosed are various embodiments for fixing a navigational position using guided surface waves launched from guided surface wave waveguide probes at various ground stations. A guided surface wave is received using a guided surface wave receive structure. A reflection of the guided surface wave is received using the guided surface wave receive structure. An amount of time that has elapsed between receiving the guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of guided surface wave is calculated. A location of the guided surface wave receive structure is determined based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receiving the guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of guided surface wave.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

a charge terminal elevated over a lossy conducting medium;

a receiver network coupled between the charge terminal and the lossy conducting medium, the receiver network having a phase delay (Φ

) that matches a wave tilt angle (Ψ

) associated with a guided surface wave transmitted in a Zenneck waveguide mode, the wave tilt angle (Ψ

) based at least in part upon characteristics of the lossy conducting medium in a vicinity of the receiving structure;

a processor;

a memory; and

an application stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the application causes the system to perform at least the following actions when executed by the processor;

identify when a guided surface wave was received by the receiver network;

identify when a reflection of the guided surface wave was received by the receiver network;

calculate an amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave; and

determine a location of the system based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein causing the system to determine a location of the system based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave further comprises causing the processor to at least:

divide the amount of time in two to generate a halved amount of time;

multiply the halved amount of time by a speed of the guided surface wave to generate a distance between an antipode of a probe associated with the guided surface wave and the receiver network; and

set the location of the system along a circumference of a circle centered on the antipode, wherein the circle has a radius equal to the distance between the antipode and the system.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein causing the system to determine a location of the system based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave further comprises causing the processor to at least:

divide the amount of time in two to generate a halved amount of time;

multiply the halved amount of time by a speed of the guided surface wave to generate a distance between an antipode of a probe associated with the guided surface wave and the receiver network;

subtract the distance between the antipode and the guided surface wave receive structure from a value equal to half of the circumference of the Earth to generate a distance between the probe associated with the guided surface wave and the receiver network; and

set the location of the system along a circumference of a circle centered on the probe, wherein the circle has a radius equal to the distance between the probe and the system.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the application, when executed by the processor, further causes the system to at least identify an approximate position of the system based at least in part on inertial data associated with the system, wherein the inertial data is stored in the memory of the system;

and

wherein causing the system to determine the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the system.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the application, when executed by the processor, further causes the system to at least identify an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on an identity of a cellular network tower within range of the guided surface wave receive structure;

and

wherein causing the system to determine the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the application, when executed by the processor, further causes the system to at least identify an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on an identity of a radio transmission tower within range of the guided surface wave receive structure;

and

wherein causing the system to determine the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the charge terminal is height adjustable such that a change in a height of the charge terminal causes a change in the phase delay (Φ

).

8. A method, comprising:

receiving a guided surface wave transmitted in a Zenneck waveguide mode using a guided surface wave receive structure;

receiving a reflection of the guided surface wave using the guided surface wave receive structure;

calculating an amount of time elapsed between receiving the guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of the guided surface wave; and

determining a location of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receiving the guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of the guided surface wave.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the location of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receiving the guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of the guided surface wave further comprises:

dividing the amount of time in two to generate a halved amount of time;

multiplying the halved amount of time by a speed of the guided surface wave to generate a distance between an antipode of a probe associated with the guided surface wave and the guided surface wave receive structure; and

setting the location of the guided surface wave receive structure along a circumference of a circle centered on the antipode, wherein the circle has a radius equal to the distance between the antipode and the guided surface wave receive structure.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the location of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receiving the guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of the guided surface wave further comprises:

dividing the amount of time in two to generate a halved amount of time;

multiplying the halved amount of time by a speed of the guided surface wave to generate a distance between an antipode of a probe associated with the guided surface wave and the guided surface wave receive structure;

subtracting the distance between the antipode and the guided surface wave receive structure from a value equal to half of the circumference of the Earth to generate a distance between the probe associated with the guided surface wave and the guided surface wave receive structure; and

setting the location of the guided surface wave receive structure along a circumference of a circle centered on the probe, wherein the circle has a radius equal to the distance between the probe and the guided surface wave receive structure.

11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

identifying an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on inertial data associated with the guided surface wave receive structure; and

wherein determining the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

identifying an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on an identity of a radio transmission tower within range of the guided surface wave receive structure; and

wherein determining the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

identifying an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on an identity of a cellular network tower within range of the guided surface wave receive structure; and

wherein determining the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the guided surface wave is a first guided surface wave, the guided surface wave receive structure is a first guided surface wave receive structure, the amount of time is a first amount of time, and the method further comprises:

receiving a second guided surface wave using a second guided surface wave receive structure;

receiving a reflection of the second guided surface wave using the second guided surface wave receive structure;

calculating second amount of time elapsed between receiving the second guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of second guided surface wave;

receiving a third guided surface wave using a third guided surface wave receive structure;

receiving a reflection of the third guided surface wave using the third guided surface wave receive structure;

calculating third amount of time elapsed between receiving the third guided surface wave and receiving the reflection of third guided surface wave; and

further determining the location of the first guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on the second amount of time and the third amount of time.

15. An apparatus, comprising:

a guided surface wave receive structure configured to receive a guided surface wave traveling along a terrestrial medium in a Zenneck waveguide mode;

a processor;

a memory; and

an application stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor, causes the apparatus to at least;

identify when a guided surface wave was received by the guided surface wave receive structure;

identify when a reflection of the guided surface wave was received by the guided surface wave receive structure;

calculate an amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave; and

determine a location of the apparatus based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein causing the apparatus to determine a location of the apparatus based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave further comprises causing the processor to at least:

divide the amount of time in two to generate a halved amount of time;

multiply the halved amount of time by a speed of the guided surface wave to generate a distance between an antipode of a probe associated with the guided surface wave and the guided surface wave receive structure; and

set the location of the apparatus along a circumference of a circle centered on the antipode, wherein the circle has a radius equal to the distance between the antipode and the apparatus.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein causing the apparatus to determine a location of the apparatus based at least in part on the amount of time elapsed between receipt of the guided surface wave and receipt of the reflection of the guided surface wave further comprises causing the processor to at least:

divide the amount of time in two to generate a halved amount of time;

multiply the halved amount of time by a speed of the guided surface wave to generate a distance between an antipode of a probe associated with the guided surface wave and the guided surface wave receive structure;

subtract the distance between the antipode and the guided surface wave receive structure from a value equal to half of the circumference of the Earth to generate a distance between the probe associated with the guided surface wave and the apparatus; and

set the location of the guided surface wave receive structure along a circumference of a circle centered on the probe, wherein the circle has a radius equal to the distance between the probe and the apparatus.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the application, when executed by the processor, further causes the apparatus to at least identify an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on inertial data associated with the guided surface wave receive structure, wherein the inertial data is stored in the memory of the system;

and

wherein causing the apparatus to determine the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the application, when executed by the processor, further causes the apparatus to at least identify an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on an identity of a cellular network tower within range of the guided surface wave receive structure;

and

wherein causing the apparatus to determine the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.

20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the application, when executed by the processor, further causes the apparatus to at least identify an approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure based at least in part on an identity of a radio station associated with a radio broadcast received by the guided surface wave receive structure;

and

wherein causing the apparatus to determine the location of the guided surface wave receive structure is further based at least in part on the approximate position of the guided surface wave receive structure.