Integrated touch screens

• US 10,409,434 B2
• Filed: 01/07/2019
• Issued: 09/10/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Chang, Shih Chang, Zhong, John Z.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shankar, Vijay
• Assistant Examiner(s): Almeida, Cory A
• Application Number:
  US16/241,662
• Publication Number:
  US 20190138135A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13306 Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells G02F1/132, G02F1/133382 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133305 Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13338 Input devices, e.g. touch panels
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133512 Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix G02F1/136209 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133514 Colour filters
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/134336 Matrix
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1368 in which the switching element is a three-electrode device G02F1/136277 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/16 Constructional details or arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04104 Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04108 Touchless 2D- digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface without distance measurement in the Z direction
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0412 Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04164 Connections between sensors and controllers, e.g. routing lines between electrodes and connection pads
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0445 using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0446 using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes

Abstract

Integrated touch screens are provided including drive lines formed of grouped-together circuit elements of a thin film transistor layer and sense lines formed between a color filter layer and a material layer that modifies or generates light. The common electrodes (Vcom) in the TFT layer can be grouped together during a touch sensing operation to form drive lines. Sense lines can be formed on an underside of a color filter glass, and a liquid crystal region can be disposed between the color filter glass and the TFT layer. Placing the sense lines on the underside of the color filter glass, i.e., within the display pixel cell, can provide a benefit of allowing the color filter glass to be thinned after the pixel cells have been assembled, for example.

Claims

1. A capacitive touch screen including a plurality of display pixels, the capacitive touch screen comprising:

a color filter layer;

a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate including a plurality of drive lines configured to transmit a stimulation signal for stimulating the capacitive touch screen to detect touch input events in a touch sensing operation, each drive line including a plurality of Vcom drive rows, each Vcom drive row being unconnected by fixed electrical connections to other Vcom drive rows within a drive line so as to form individual Vcom drive rows, each Vcom drive row including groups of the plurality display pixels, each display pixel having a TFT including a gate and a common electrode, the gate of the TFT controlling the TFT to operate in a display operation and in the touch sensing operation;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the TFT substrate and the color filter layer;

an integrated gate driver coupled to the gates of the TFTs in each individual Vcom drive row for individually operating each of the individual Vcom drive rows to display an image on the capacitive touch screen;

a Vcom driver connected to each of the plurality of individual Vcom drive rows within each drive line for providing the same stimulation signal on each individual Vcom drive row within each drive line; and

a plurality of sense lines disposed between liquid crystal layer and the color filter layer, the sense lines configured to receive sense signals based on the stimulation signals transmitted by the drive lines;

wherein the drive lines and the sense lines form a plurality of capacitive sensing nodes.

2. The touch screen of claim 1, wherein a ground region is electrically separated from and disposed on either side of each of the plurality of sense lines.

3. The touch screen of claim 2, wherein during the touch sensing operation a first stimulation signal is applied to a first drive line and a second stimulation signal is applied to a second drive line.

4. The touch screen of claim 2, wherein the common electrodes of the groups of the plurality of display pixels are connected to display circuitry during the display operation of the touch screen.

5. The touch screen of claim 1 further comprising an organic coating formed over the plurality of sense lines, wherein the plurality of sense lines are disposed on an underside of the color filter layer and are protected by the organic coating.

6. The touch screen of claim 5, wherein the color filter layer comprises individual color filters and the plurality of sense lines are disposed between individual color filters.

7. The touch screen of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of sense lines includes a plurality of non-transparent conductive lines disposed behind a black mask on the color filter layer such that the sense lines are not visible to a user of the touch screen.

8. The touch screen of claim 7, wherein the plurality of sense lines form a conductive mesh comprising a conductive orthogonal grid of conductive material.

9. The touch screen of claim 1, wherein the color filter layer comprises individual color filters and wherein the sense lines are disposed between the individual color filters.

10. A capacitive touch screen including a plurality of display pixels, the capacitive touch screen comprising:

a color filter substrate;

a plurality of drive lines that carry, during a touch sensing operation, stimulation signals for stimulating the capacitive touch screen to detect touch and proximity events, each of the plurality of drive lines including a plurality of Vcom drive rows, each Vcom drive row being unconnected by fixed electrical connections to other Vcom drive rows within a drive line so as to form individual Vcom drive rows, each Vcom drive row including groups of the plurality display pixels, each display pixel having a TFT including a gate and a common electrode, the gate of the TFT controlling the TFT to operate in a display operation and in the touch sensing operation;

a pixel material disposed between the plurality of drive lines and the color filter substrate;

display circuitry that controls, during a display operation, the pixel material of each display pixel such that a controlled amount of light from each display pixel passes through color filters on the color filter substrate to form an image;

an integrated gate driver coupled to the gates of the TFTs in each individual Vcom drive row for individually operating each of the individual Vcom drive rows to display an image on the capacitive touch screen;

a Vcom driver connected to each of the plural individual Vcom drive rows within each drive line, wherein individual drive rows may be grouped together, for application of the same stimulation signal in the touch sensing operation or operated individually for displaying the image; and

a plurality of sense lines that receive sense signals based on the stimulation signals, the sense lines being disposed between the pixel material and the color filter substrate; and

touch sensing circuitry connected to receive the sense signals from the plurality of sense lines;

wherein the color filter substrate includes a plurality of individual color filters, and the sense lines include conductive material disposed between individual color filters.

11. The touch screen of claim 10, wherein a ground region is electrically separated from and disposed on either side of each of the plurality of sense lines.

12. The touch screen of claim 10 wherein the sense lines include non-transparent conductive material.

13. The touch screen of claim 11, wherein the sense lines include transparent conductive material.

14. The touch screen of claim 11, further comprising an organic coat disposed on the sense lines.

15. The touch screen of claim 10, wherein the pixel material includes a light modifying material.

16. The touch screen of claim 10, wherein the pixel material includes a light generating material.

17. A touch screen including a plurality of display pixels, the touch screen comprising:

a first substrate including a plurality display pixels disposed thereon, each display pixel including a pixel electrode and a switching element for connecting a data line to the pixel electrode to display an image on the touch screen during a display mode of operation, and for disconnecting the data line from the pixel electrode during a touch sensing mode of operation;

a plurality of drive lines, each of the plurality of drive lines including plural Vcom drive rows, each Vcom drive row including a plurality of groups of the display pixels, each display pixel within each group including a TFT having a gate and a transparent common electrode, each Vcom drive row being unconnected by fixed electrical connections to other Vcom drive rows within a drive line so as to form individual Vcom drive rows, the common electrodes receiving a common voltage during the display mode of operation and a stimulation voltage during the touch sensing mode of operation;

a second substrate including a color filter layer having individual color filters;

a pixel material disposed between the first and second substrates; and

the gate of the TFT controlling the TFT to operate in the display mode of operation and in the touch sensing mode of operation;

an integrated gate driver coupled to the gates of the TFTs in each individual Vcom drive row for operating the individually operating each of the individual Vcom drive rows to display an image on the capacitive touch screen;

a Vcom driver connected to each of the plural individual Vcom drive rows within each drive line wherein individual drive rows may be grouped together, for application of the same stimulation signal in the touch sensing operation or operated individually for displaying the image; and

a plurality of sense lines disposed on the second substrate and positioned between the individual color filters.

18. The touch screen of claim 17, wherein the stimulation voltage includes an alternating current waveform.

19. The touch screen of claim 18, wherein the display pixels are arranged along a first direction and along a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, and wherein a plurality of drive lines are formed by the plurality of groups of display pixels;

and

the plurality of sense lines are disposed along the second direction, crossing the drive lines;

wherein each intersection of one of the drive lines with one of the sense lines forms a capacitive sensing node.

20. The touch screen of claim 17, wherein the pixel material includes a light modifying material.