Ammonia-based desulfurization process and apparatus
First Claim
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1. A method of ammonia-based oxidative desulfurization comprising:
- receiving a current of sulfur dioxide containing gas;
directing the current through a vessel;
mixing, in an ammonia-mixing chamber, a liquid and an ammonia source to produce a first ammonia-containing liquid that has a first pH;
contacting, in an oxidation chamber, an oxygen-containing gas with a second ammonia-containing liquid that has a second pH that is lower than the first pH;
spraying the first ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current;
after the spraying the first ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the first ammonia-containing liquid to the ammonia-mixing chamber;
spraying the second ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current; and
after the spraying the second ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the second ammonia-containing liquid to the oxidation chamber.
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Abstract
Apparatus and methods for desulfurization of a sulfur-oxide containing gas by treatment with ammonia containing liquids. The apparatus and methods may utilize two distinct circuits of two different ammonia containing liquids which are applied in two distinct chambers. The gas may be cooled prior to entry into the circuits. There may be fluid communication between the two circulation circuits.
49 Citations
30 Claims
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1. A method of ammonia-based oxidative desulfurization comprising:
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receiving a current of sulfur dioxide containing gas; directing the current through a vessel; mixing, in an ammonia-mixing chamber, a liquid and an ammonia source to produce a first ammonia-containing liquid that has a first pH; contacting, in an oxidation chamber, an oxygen-containing gas with a second ammonia-containing liquid that has a second pH that is lower than the first pH; spraying the first ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current; after the spraying the first ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the first ammonia-containing liquid to the ammonia-mixing chamber; spraying the second ammonia-containing liquid in the vessel against the current; and after the spraying the second ammonia-containing liquid, recirculating the second ammonia-containing liquid to the oxidation chamber. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. An apparatus for removing sulfur from a gas stream, the apparatus comprising:
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a first sprayer circuit configured to spray a first liquid countercurrent to the gas stream, the first sprayer circuit including; a first sprayer assembly; and an ammonia-mixing chamber including; an ammonia input port; a first-liquid return port; a first-liquid supply port configured to supply first liquid to the first sprayer assembly; and a surface that defines a balance hole that places material from inside the ammonia-mixing chamber in diffusive communication with material from outside of the ammonia-mixing chamber; and a second sprayer circuit configured to spray a second liquid countercurrent to the gas stream, the second sprayer circuit including; a second sprayer assembly downstream, relative to the gas stream, from the first sprayer assembly; and an oxidation chamber having; a gas input configured for contacting an oxygen-containing gas with an ammonia-containing liquid in the oxidation chamber; a second-liquid return port configured to receive second liquid after the second liquid is sprayed; and a second-liquid supply port configured to supply second liquid to the second sprayer assembly; wherein; the ammonia-mixing chamber has a first cross-sectional area; the oxidation chamber has a second cross-sectional area; and the second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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Specification